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1 =head1 NAME 2 3 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics 4 5 =head1 DESCRIPTION 6 7 These messages are classified as follows (listed in increasing order of 8 desperation): 9 10 (W) A warning (optional). 11 (D) A deprecation (optional). 12 (S) A severe warning (enabled by default). 13 (F) A fatal error (trappable). 14 (P) An internal error you should never see (trappable). 15 (X) A very fatal error (nontrappable). 16 (A) An alien error message (not generated by Perl). 17 18 The majority of messages from the first three classifications above 19 (W, D & S) can be controlled using the C<warnings> pragma. 20 21 If a message can be controlled by the C<warnings> pragma, its warning 22 category is included with the classification letter in the description 23 below. 24 25 Optional warnings are enabled by using the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-w> 26 and B<-W> switches. Warnings may be captured by setting C<$SIG{__WARN__}> 27 to a reference to a routine that will be called on each warning instead 28 of printing it. See L<perlvar>. 29 30 Severe warnings are always enabled, unless they are explicitly disabled 31 with the C<warnings> pragma or the B<-X> switch. 32 33 Trappable errors may be trapped using the eval operator. See 34 L<perlfunc/eval>. In almost all cases, warnings may be selectively 35 disabled or promoted to fatal errors using the C<warnings> pragma. 36 See L<warnings>. 37 38 The messages are in alphabetical order, without regard to upper or 39 lower-case. Some of these messages are generic. Spots that vary are 40 denoted with a %s or other printf-style escape. These escapes are 41 ignored by the alphabetical order, as are all characters other than 42 letters. To look up your message, just ignore anything that is not a 43 letter. 44 45 =over 4 46 47 =item accept() on closed socket %s 48 49 (W closed) You tried to do an accept on a closed socket. Did you forget 50 to check the return value of your socket() call? See 51 L<perlfunc/accept>. 52 53 =item Allocation too large: %lx 54 55 (X) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. 56 57 =item '%c' allowed only after types %s 58 59 (F) The modifiers '!', '<' and '>' are allowed in pack() or unpack() only 60 after certain types. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 61 62 =item Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use & 63 64 (W ambiguous) A subroutine you have declared has the same name as a Perl 65 keyword, and you have used the name without qualification for calling 66 one or the other. Perl decided to call the builtin because the 67 subroutine is not imported. 68 69 To force interpretation as a subroutine call, either put an ampersand 70 before the subroutine name, or qualify the name with its package. 71 Alternatively, you can import the subroutine (or pretend that it's 72 imported with the C<use subs> pragma). 73 74 To silently interpret it as the Perl operator, use the C<CORE::> prefix 75 on the operator (e.g. C<CORE::log($x)>) or declare the subroutine 76 to be an object method (see L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes"> or 77 L<attributes>). 78 79 =item Ambiguous range in transliteration operator 80 81 (F) You wrote something like C<tr/a-z-0//> which doesn't mean anything at 82 all. To include a C<-> character in a transliteration, put it either 83 first or last. (In the past, C<tr/a-z-0//> was synonymous with 84 C<tr/a-y//>, which was probably not what you would have expected.) 85 86 =item Ambiguous use of %s resolved as %s 87 88 (W ambiguous)(S) You said something that may not be interpreted the way 89 you thought. Normally it's pretty easy to disambiguate it by supplying 90 a missing quote, operator, parenthesis pair or declaration. 91 92 =item '|' and '<' may not both be specified on command line 93 94 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line 95 redirection, and found that STDIN was a pipe, and that you also tried to 96 redirect STDIN using '<'. Only one STDIN stream to a customer, please. 97 98 =item '|' and '>' may not both be specified on command line 99 100 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line 101 redirection, and thinks you tried to redirect stdout both to a file and 102 into a pipe to another command. You need to choose one or the other, 103 though nothing's stopping you from piping into a program or Perl script 104 which 'splits' output into two streams, such as 105 106 open(OUT,">$ARGV[0]") or die "Can't write to $ARGV[0]: $!"; 107 while (<STDIN>) { 108 print; 109 print OUT; 110 } 111 close OUT; 112 113 =item Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s) 114 115 (W misc) The pattern match (C<//>), substitution (C<s///>), and 116 transliteration (C<tr///>) operators work on scalar values. If you apply 117 one of them to an array or a hash, it will convert the array or hash to 118 a scalar value -- the length of an array, or the population info of a 119 hash -- and then work on that scalar value. This is probably not what 120 you meant to do. See L<perlfunc/grep> and L<perlfunc/map> for 121 alternatives. 122 123 =item Args must match #! line 124 125 (F) The setuid emulator requires that the arguments Perl was invoked 126 with match the arguments specified on the #! line. Since some systems 127 impose a one-argument limit on the #! line, try combining switches; 128 for example, turn C<-w -U> into C<-wU>. 129 130 =item Arg too short for msgsnd 131 132 (F) msgsnd() requires a string at least as long as sizeof(long). 133 134 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element 135 136 (F) The argument to exists() must be a hash or array element or a 137 subroutine with an ampersand, such as: 138 139 $foo{$bar} 140 $ref->{"susie"}[12] 141 &do_something 142 143 =item %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice 144 145 (F) The argument to delete() must be either a hash or array element, 146 such as: 147 148 $foo{$bar} 149 $ref->{"susie"}[12] 150 151 or a hash or array slice, such as: 152 153 @foo[$bar, $baz, $xyzzy] 154 @{$ref->[12]}{"susie", "queue"} 155 156 =item %s argument is not a subroutine name 157 158 (F) The argument to exists() for C<exists &sub> must be a subroutine 159 name, and not a subroutine call. C<exists &sub()> will generate this 160 error. 161 162 =item Argument "%s" isn't numeric%s 163 164 (W numeric) The indicated string was fed as an argument to an operator 165 that expected a numeric value instead. If you're fortunate the message 166 will identify which operator was so unfortunate. 167 168 =item Argument list not closed for PerlIO layer "%s" 169 170 (W layer) When pushing a layer with arguments onto the Perl I/O system you 171 forgot the ) that closes the argument list. (Layers take care of transforming 172 data between external and internal representations.) Perl stopped parsing 173 the layer list at this point and did not attempt to push this layer. 174 If your program didn't explicitly request the failing operation, it may be 175 the result of the value of the environment variable PERLIO. 176 177 =item Array @%s missing the @ in argument %d of %s() 178 179 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the @ on array names in some 180 spots. This is now heavily deprecated. 181 182 =item assertion botched: %s 183 184 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. 185 186 =item Assertion failed: file "%s" 187 188 (P) A general assertion failed. The file in question must be examined. 189 190 =item Assignment to both a list and a scalar 191 192 (F) If you assign to a conditional operator, the 2nd and 3rd arguments 193 must either both be scalars or both be lists. Otherwise Perl won't 194 know which context to supply to the right side. 195 196 =item A thread exited while %d threads were running 197 198 (W threads)(S) When using threaded Perl, a thread (not necessarily the main 199 thread) exited while there were still other threads running. 200 Usually it's a good idea to first collect the return values of the 201 created threads by joining them, and only then exit from the main 202 thread. See L<threads>. 203 204 =item Attempt to access disallowed key '%s' in a restricted hash 205 206 (F) The failing code has attempted to get or set a key which is not in 207 the current set of allowed keys of a restricted hash. 208 209 =item Attempt to bless into a reference 210 211 (F) The CLASSNAME argument to the bless() operator is expected to be 212 the name of the package to bless the resulting object into. You've 213 supplied instead a reference to something: perhaps you wrote 214 215 bless $self, $proto; 216 217 when you intended 218 219 bless $self, ref($proto) || $proto; 220 221 If you actually want to bless into the stringified version 222 of the reference supplied, you need to stringify it yourself, for 223 example by: 224 225 bless $self, "$proto"; 226 227 =item Attempt to delete disallowed key '%s' from a restricted hash 228 229 (F) The failing code attempted to delete from a restricted hash a key 230 which is not in its key set. 231 232 =item Attempt to delete readonly key '%s' from a restricted hash 233 234 (F) The failing code attempted to delete a key whose value has been 235 declared readonly from a restricted hash. 236 237 =item Attempt to free non-arena SV: 0x%lx 238 239 (P internal) All SV objects are supposed to be allocated from arenas 240 that will be garbage collected on exit. An SV was discovered to be 241 outside any of those arenas. 242 243 =item Attempt to free nonexistent shared string 244 245 (P internal) Perl maintains a reference counted internal table of 246 strings to optimize the storage and access of hash keys and other 247 strings. This indicates someone tried to decrement the reference count 248 of a string that can no longer be found in the table. 249 250 =item Attempt to free temp prematurely 251 252 (W debugging) Mortalized values are supposed to be freed by the 253 free_tmps() routine. This indicates that something else is freeing the 254 SV before the free_tmps() routine gets a chance, which means that the 255 free_tmps() routine will be freeing an unreferenced scalar when it does 256 try to free it. 257 258 =item Attempt to free unreferenced glob pointers 259 260 (P internal) The reference counts got screwed up on symbol aliases. 261 262 =item Attempt to free unreferenced scalar 263 264 (W internal) Perl went to decrement the reference count of a scalar to 265 see if it would go to 0, and discovered that it had already gone to 0 266 earlier, and should have been freed, and in fact, probably was freed. 267 This could indicate that SvREFCNT_dec() was called too many times, or 268 that SvREFCNT_inc() was called too few times, or that the SV was 269 mortalized when it shouldn't have been, or that memory has been 270 corrupted. 271 272 =item Attempt to join self 273 274 (F) You tried to join a thread from within itself, which is an 275 impossible task. You may be joining the wrong thread, or you may need 276 to move the join() to some other thread. 277 278 =item Attempt to pack pointer to temporary value 279 280 (W pack) You tried to pass a temporary value (like the result of a 281 function, or a computed expression) to the "p" pack() template. This 282 means the result contains a pointer to a location that could become 283 invalid anytime, even before the end of the current statement. Use 284 literals or global values as arguments to the "p" pack() template to 285 avoid this warning. 286 287 =item Attempt to reload %s aborted. 288 289 (F) You tried to load a file with C<use> or C<require> that failed to 290 compile once already. Perl will not try to compile this file again 291 unless you delete its entry from %INC. See L<perlfunc/require> and 292 L<perlvar/%INC>. 293 294 =item Attempt to set length of freed array 295 296 (W) You tried to set the length of an array which has been freed. You 297 can do this by storing a reference to the scalar representing the last index 298 of an array and later assigning through that reference. For example 299 300 $r = do {my @a; \$#a}; 301 $$r = 503 302 303 =item Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr 304 305 (W substr) You supplied a reference as the first argument to substr() 306 used as an lvalue, which is pretty strange. Perhaps you forgot to 307 dereference it first. See L<perlfunc/substr>. 308 309 =item Bad arg length for %s, is %d, should be %s 310 311 (F) You passed a buffer of the wrong size to one of msgctl(), semctl() 312 or shmctl(). In C parlance, the correct sizes are, respectively, 313 S<sizeof(struct msqid_ds *)>, S<sizeof(struct semid_ds *)>, and 314 S<sizeof(struct shmid_ds *)>. 315 316 =item Bad evalled substitution pattern 317 318 (F) You've used the C</e> switch to evaluate the replacement for a 319 substitution, but perl found a syntax error in the code to evaluate, 320 most likely an unexpected right brace '}'. 321 322 =item Bad filehandle: %s 323 324 (F) A symbol was passed to something wanting a filehandle, but the 325 symbol has no filehandle associated with it. Perhaps you didn't do an 326 open(), or did it in another package. 327 328 =item Bad free() ignored 329 330 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had never 331 been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled by 332 setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 0. 333 334 This message can be seen quite often with DB_File on systems with "hard" 335 dynamic linking, like C<AIX> and C<OS/2>. It is a bug of C<Berkeley DB> 336 which is left unnoticed if C<DB> uses I<forgiving> system malloc(). 337 338 =item Bad hash 339 340 (P) One of the internal hash routines was passed a null HV pointer. 341 342 =item Badly placed ()'s 343 344 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead 345 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into 346 Perl yourself. 347 348 =item Bad name after %s:: 349 350 (F) You started to name a symbol by using a package prefix, and then 351 didn't finish the symbol. In particular, you can't interpolate outside 352 of quotes, so 353 354 $var = 'myvar'; 355 $sym = mypack::$var; 356 357 is not the same as 358 359 $var = 'myvar'; 360 $sym = "mypack::$var"; 361 362 =item Bad realloc() ignored 363 364 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had 365 never been malloc()ed in the first place. Mandatory, but can be disabled 366 by setting environment variable C<PERL_BADFREE> to 1. 367 368 =item Bad symbol for array 369 370 (P) An internal request asked to add an array entry to something that 371 wasn't a symbol table entry. 372 373 =item Bad symbol for dirhandle 374 375 (P) An internal request asked to add a dirhandle entry to something 376 that wasn't a symbol table entry. 377 378 379 =item Bad symbol for filehandle 380 381 (P) An internal request asked to add a filehandle entry to something 382 that wasn't a symbol table entry. 383 384 =item Bad symbol for hash 385 386 (P) An internal request asked to add a hash entry to something that 387 wasn't a symbol table entry. 388 389 =item Bareword found in conditional 390 391 (W bareword) The compiler found a bareword where it expected a 392 conditional, which often indicates that an || or && was parsed as part 393 of the last argument of the previous construct, for example: 394 395 open FOO || die; 396 397 It may also indicate a misspelled constant that has been interpreted as 398 a bareword: 399 400 use constant TYPO => 1; 401 if (TYOP) { print "foo" } 402 403 The C<strict> pragma is useful in avoiding such errors. 404 405 =item Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use 406 407 (F) With "strict subs" in use, a bareword is only allowed as a 408 subroutine identifier, in curly brackets or to the left of the "=>" 409 symbol. Perhaps you need to predeclare a subroutine? 410 411 =item Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package 412 413 (W bareword) You used a qualified bareword of the form C<Foo::>, but the 414 compiler saw no other uses of that namespace before that point. Perhaps 415 you need to predeclare a package? 416 417 =item BEGIN failed--compilation aborted 418 419 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a BEGIN 420 subroutine. Compilation stops immediately and the interpreter is 421 exited. 422 423 =item BEGIN not safe after errors--compilation aborted 424 425 (F) Perl found a C<BEGIN {}> subroutine (or a C<use> directive, which 426 implies a C<BEGIN {}>) after one or more compilation errors had already 427 occurred. Since the intended environment for the C<BEGIN {}> could not 428 be guaranteed (due to the errors), and since subsequent code likely 429 depends on its correct operation, Perl just gave up. 430 431 =item \1 better written as $1 432 433 (W syntax) Outside of patterns, backreferences live on as variables. 434 The use of backslashes is grandfathered on the right-hand side of a 435 substitution, but stylistically it's better to use the variable form 436 because other Perl programmers will expect it, and it works better if 437 there are more than 9 backreferences. 438 439 =item Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable 440 441 (W portable) The binary number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 442 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See 443 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. 444 445 =item bind() on closed socket %s 446 447 (W closed) You tried to do a bind on a closed socket. Did you forget to 448 check the return value of your socket() call? See L<perlfunc/bind>. 449 450 =item binmode() on closed filehandle %s 451 452 (W unopened) You tried binmode() on a filehandle that was never opened. 453 Check you control flow and number of arguments. 454 455 =item Bit vector size > 32 non-portable 456 457 (W portable) Using bit vector sizes larger than 32 is non-portable. 458 459 =item Bizarre copy of %s in %s 460 461 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy an internal value that is not 462 copyable. 463 464 =item Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s 465 466 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. While Perl was preparing to 467 iterate over %ENV, it encountered a logical name or symbol definition 468 which was too long, so it was truncated to the string shown. 469 470 =item Callback called exit 471 472 (F) A subroutine invoked from an external package via call_sv() 473 exited by calling exit. 474 475 =item %s() called too early to check prototype 476 477 (W prototype) You've called a function that has a prototype before the 478 parser saw a definition or declaration for it, and Perl could not check 479 that the call conforms to the prototype. You need to either add an 480 early prototype declaration for the subroutine in question, or move the 481 subroutine definition ahead of the call to get proper prototype 482 checking. Alternatively, if you are certain that you're calling the 483 function correctly, you may put an ampersand before the name to avoid 484 the warning. See L<perlsub>. 485 486 =item Cannot compress integer in pack 487 488 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was too large to compress. The BER 489 compressed integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you 490 attempted to compress Infinity or a very large number (> 1e308). 491 See L<perlfunc/pack>. 492 493 =item Cannot compress negative numbers in pack 494 495 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was negative. The BER compressed integer 496 format can only be used with positive integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 497 498 =item Cannot convert a reference to %s to typeglob 499 500 (F) You manipulated Perl's symbol table directly, stored a reference in it, 501 then tried to access that symbol via conventional Perl syntax. The access 502 triggers Perl to autovivify that typeglob, but it there is no legal conversion 503 from that type of reference to a typeglob. 504 505 =item Cannot copy to %s in %s 506 507 (P) Perl detected an attempt to copy a value to an internal type that cannot 508 be directly assigned not. 509 510 =item Can only compress unsigned integers in pack 511 512 (F) An argument to pack("w",...) was not an integer. The BER compressed 513 integer format can only be used with positive integers, and you attempted 514 to compress something else. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 515 516 =item Can't bless non-reference value 517 518 (F) Only hard references may be blessed. This is how Perl "enforces" 519 encapsulation of objects. See L<perlobj>. 520 521 =item Can't "break" in a loop topicalizer 522 523 (F) You called C<break>, but you're in a C<foreach> block rather than 524 a C<given> block. You probably meant to use C<next> or C<last>. 525 526 =item Can't "break" outside a given block 527 528 (F) You called C<break>, but you're not inside a C<given> block. 529 530 =item Can't call method "%s" in empty package "%s" 531 532 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package 533 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't have ANYTHING defined 534 in it, let alone methods. See L<perlobj>. 535 536 =item Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value 537 538 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the 539 object reference or package name contains an undefined value. Something 540 like this will reproduce the error: 541 542 $BADREF = undef; 543 process $BADREF 1,2,3; 544 $BADREF->process(1,2,3); 545 546 =item Can't call method "%s" on unblessed reference 547 548 (F) A method call must know in what package it's supposed to run. It 549 ordinarily finds this out from the object reference you supply, but you 550 didn't supply an object reference in this case. A reference isn't an 551 object reference until it has been blessed. See L<perlobj>. 552 553 =item Can't call method "%s" without a package or object reference 554 555 (F) You used the syntax of a method call, but the slot filled by the 556 object reference or package name contains an expression that returns a 557 defined value which is neither an object reference nor a package name. 558 Something like this will reproduce the error: 559 560 $BADREF = 42; 561 process $BADREF 1,2,3; 562 $BADREF->process(1,2,3); 563 564 =item Can't chdir to %s 565 566 (F) You called C<perl -x/foo/bar>, but C</foo/bar> is not a directory 567 that you can chdir to, possibly because it doesn't exist. 568 569 =item Can't check filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid 570 571 (P) For some reason you can't check the filesystem of the script for 572 nosuid. 573 574 =item Can't coerce array into hash 575 576 (F) You used an array where a hash was expected, but the array has no 577 information on how to map from keys to array indices. You can do that 578 only with arrays that have a hash reference at index 0. 579 580 =item Can't coerce %s to integer in %s 581 582 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries 583 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. So you can't 584 say things like: 585 586 *foo += 1; 587 588 You CAN say 589 590 $foo = *foo; 591 $foo += 1; 592 593 but then $foo no longer contains a glob. 594 595 =item Can't coerce %s to number in %s 596 597 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries 598 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. 599 600 =item Can't coerce %s to string in %s 601 602 (F) Certain types of SVs, in particular real symbol table entries 603 (typeglobs), can't be forced to stop being what they are. 604 605 =item Can't "continue" outside a when block 606 607 (F) You called C<continue>, but you're not inside a C<when> 608 or C<default> block. 609 610 =item Can't create pipe mailbox 611 612 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The process is suffering from exhausted 613 quotas or other plumbing problems. 614 615 =item Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s" 616 617 (F) Currently, only scalar variables can be declared with a specific 618 class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration. The semantics may be 619 extended for other types of variables in future. 620 621 =item Can't declare %s in "%s" 622 623 (F) Only scalar, array, and hash variables may be declared as "my", "our" or 624 "state" variables. They must have ordinary identifiers as names. 625 626 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s is not a regular file 627 628 (S inplace) You tried to use the B<-i> switch on a special file, such as 629 a file in /dev, or a FIFO. The file was ignored. 630 631 =item Can't do inplace edit on %s: %s 632 633 (S inplace) The creation of the new file failed for the indicated 634 reason. 635 636 =item Can't do inplace edit without backup 637 638 (F) You're on a system such as MS-DOS that gets confused if you try 639 reading from a deleted (but still opened) file. You have to say 640 C<-i.bak>, or some such. 641 642 =item Can't do inplace edit: %s would not be unique 643 644 (S inplace) Your filesystem does not support filenames longer than 14 645 characters and Perl was unable to create a unique filename during 646 inplace editing with the B<-i> switch. The file was ignored. 647 648 =item Can't do {n,m} with n > m in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 649 650 (F) Minima must be less than or equal to maxima. If you really want your 651 regexp to match something 0 times, just put {0}. The <-- HERE shows in the 652 regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 653 654 =item Can't do setegid! 655 656 (P) The setegid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of 657 suidperl. 658 659 =item Can't do seteuid! 660 661 (P) The setuid emulator of suidperl failed for some reason. 662 663 =item Can't do setuid 664 665 (F) This typically means that ordinary perl tried to exec suidperl to do 666 setuid emulation, but couldn't exec it. It looks for a name of the form 667 sperl5.000 in the same directory that the perl executable resides under 668 the name perl5.000, typically /usr/local/bin on Unix machines. If the 669 file is there, check the execute permissions. If it isn't, ask your 670 sysadmin why he and/or she removed it. 671 672 =item Can't do waitpid with flags 673 674 (F) This machine doesn't have either waitpid() or wait4(), so only 675 waitpid() without flags is emulated. 676 677 =item Can't emulate -%s on #! line 678 679 (F) The #! line specifies a switch that doesn't make sense at this 680 point. For example, it'd be kind of silly to put a B<-x> on the #! 681 line. 682 683 =item Can't %s %s-endian %ss on this platform 684 685 (F) Your platform's byte-order is neither big-endian nor little-endian, 686 or it has a very strange pointer size. Packing and unpacking big- or 687 little-endian floating point values and pointers may not be possible. 688 See L<perlfunc/pack>. 689 690 =item Can't exec "%s": %s 691 692 (W exec) A system(), exec(), or piped open call could not execute the 693 named program for the indicated reason. Typical reasons include: the 694 permissions were wrong on the file, the file wasn't found in 695 C<$ENV{PATH}>, the executable in question was compiled for another 696 architecture, or the #! line in a script points to an interpreter that 697 can't be run for similar reasons. (Or maybe your system doesn't support 698 #! at all.) 699 700 =item Can't exec %s 701 702 (F) Perl was trying to execute the indicated program for you because 703 that's what the #! line said. If that's not what you wanted, you may 704 need to mention "perl" on the #! line somewhere. 705 706 =item Can't execute %s 707 708 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the copies of the script to execute 709 found in the PATH did not have correct permissions. 710 711 =item Can't find an opnumber for "%s" 712 713 (F) A string of a form C<CORE::word> was given to prototype(), but there 714 is no builtin with the name C<word>. 715 716 =item Can't find %s character property "%s" 717 718 (F) You used C<\p{}> or C<\P{}> but the character property by that name 719 could not be found. Maybe you misspelled the name of the property 720 (remember that the names of character properties consist only of 721 alphanumeric characters), or maybe you forgot the C<Is> or C<In> prefix? 722 723 =item Can't find label %s 724 725 (F) You said to goto a label that isn't mentioned anywhere that it's 726 possible for us to go to. See L<perlfunc/goto>. 727 728 =item Can't find %s on PATH 729 730 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be 731 found in the PATH. 732 733 =item Can't find %s on PATH, '.' not in PATH 734 735 (F) You used the B<-S> switch, but the script to execute could not be 736 found in the PATH, or at least not with the correct permissions. The 737 script exists in the current directory, but PATH prohibits running it. 738 739 =item Can't find string terminator %s anywhere before EOF 740 741 (F) Perl strings can stretch over multiple lines. This message means 742 that the closing delimiter was omitted. Because bracketed quotes count 743 nesting levels, the following is missing its final parenthesis: 744 745 print q(The character '(' starts a side comment.); 746 747 If you're getting this error from a here-document, you may have included 748 unseen whitespace before or after your closing tag. A good programmer's 749 editor will have a way to help you find these characters. 750 751 =item Can't find Unicode property definition "%s" 752 753 (F) You may have tried to use C<\p> which means a Unicode property (for 754 example C<\p{Lu}> is all uppercase letters). If you did mean to use a 755 Unicode property, see L<perlunicode> for the list of known properties. 756 If you didn't mean to use a Unicode property, escape the C<\p>, either 757 by C<\\p> (just the C<\p>) or by C<\Q\p> (the rest of the string, until 758 possible C<\E>). 759 760 =item Can't fork 761 762 (F) A fatal error occurred while trying to fork while opening a 763 pipeline. 764 765 =item Can't get filespec - stale stat buffer? 766 767 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. This arises because of the difference 768 between access checks under VMS and under the Unix model Perl assumes. 769 Under VMS, access checks are done by filename, rather than by bits in 770 the stat buffer, so that ACLs and other protections can be taken into 771 account. Unfortunately, Perl assumes that the stat buffer contains all 772 the necessary information, and passes it, instead of the filespec, to 773 the access checking routine. It will try to retrieve the filespec using 774 the device name and FID present in the stat buffer, but this works only 775 if you haven't made a subsequent call to the CRTL stat() routine, 776 because the device name is overwritten with each call. If this warning 777 appears, the name lookup failed, and the access checking routine gave up 778 and returned FALSE, just to be conservative. (Note: The access checking 779 routine knows about the Perl C<stat> operator and file tests, so you 780 shouldn't ever see this warning in response to a Perl command; it arises 781 only if some internal code takes stat buffers lightly.) 782 783 =item Can't get pipe mailbox device name 784 785 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. After creating a mailbox to act as a 786 pipe, Perl can't retrieve its name for later use. 787 788 =item Can't get SYSGEN parameter value for MAXBUF 789 790 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl asked $GETSYI how big you want your 791 mailbox buffers to be, and didn't get an answer. 792 793 =item Can't "goto" into the middle of a foreach loop 794 795 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump into the middle of a foreach 796 loop. You can't get there from here. See L<perlfunc/goto>. 797 798 =item Can't "goto" out of a pseudo block 799 800 (F) A "goto" statement was executed to jump out of what might look like 801 a block, except that it isn't a proper block. This usually occurs if 802 you tried to jump out of a sort() block or subroutine, which is a no-no. 803 See L<perlfunc/goto>. 804 805 =item Can't goto subroutine from a sort sub (or similar callback) 806 807 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of the 808 comparison sub for a sort(), or from a similar callback (such 809 as the reduce() function in List::Util). 810 811 =item Can't goto subroutine from an eval-%s 812 813 (F) The "goto subroutine" call can't be used to jump out of an eval 814 "string" or block. 815 816 =item Can't goto subroutine outside a subroutine 817 818 (F) The deeply magical "goto subroutine" call can only replace one 819 subroutine call for another. It can't manufacture one out of whole 820 cloth. In general you should be calling it out of only an AUTOLOAD 821 routine anyway. See L<perlfunc/goto>. 822 823 =item Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default 824 825 (W signal) Perl has detected that it is being run with the SIGCHLD 826 signal (sometimes known as SIGCLD) disabled. Since disabling this 827 signal will interfere with proper determination of exit status of child 828 processes, Perl has reset the signal to its default value. This 829 situation typically indicates that the parent program under which Perl 830 may be running (e.g. cron) is being very careless. 831 832 =item Can't "last" outside a loop block 833 834 (F) A "last" statement was executed to break out of the current block, 835 except that there's this itty bitty problem called there isn't a current 836 block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't count as a "loopish" 837 block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or grep(). You can 838 usually double the curlies to get the same effect though, because the 839 inner curlies will be considered a block that loops once. See 840 L<perlfunc/last>. 841 842 =item Can't linearize anonymous symbol table 843 844 (F) Perl tried to calculate the method resolution order (MRO) of a 845 package, but failed because the package stash has no name. 846 847 =item Can't load '%s' for module %s 848 849 (F) The module you tried to load failed to load a dynamic extension. This 850 may either mean that you upgraded your version of perl to one that is 851 incompatible with your old dynamic extensions (which is known to happen 852 between major versions of perl), or (more likely) that your dynamic 853 extension was built against an older version of the library that is 854 installed on your system. You may need to rebuild your old dynamic 855 extensions. 856 857 =item Can't localize lexical variable %s 858 859 (F) You used local on a variable name that was previously declared as a 860 lexical variable using "my" or "state". This is not allowed. If you want to 861 localize a package variable of the same name, qualify it with the 862 package name. 863 864 =item Can't localize through a reference 865 866 (F) You said something like C<local $$ref>, which Perl can't currently 867 handle, because when it goes to restore the old value of whatever $ref 868 pointed to after the scope of the local() is finished, it can't be sure 869 that $ref will still be a reference. 870 871 =item Can't locate %s 872 873 (F) You said to C<do> (or C<require>, or C<use>) a file that couldn't be 874 found. Perl looks for the file in all the locations mentioned in @INC, 875 unless the file name included the full path to the file. Perhaps you 876 need to set the PERL5LIB or PERL5OPT environment variable to say where 877 the extra library is, or maybe the script needs to add the library name 878 to @INC. Or maybe you just misspelled the name of the file. See 879 L<perlfunc/require> and L<lib>. 880 881 =item Can't locate auto/%s.al in @INC 882 883 (F) A function (or method) was called in a package which allows 884 autoload, but there is no function to autoload. Most probable causes 885 are a misprint in a function/method name or a failure to C<AutoSplit> 886 the file, say, by doing C<make install>. 887 888 =item Can't locate loadable object for module %s in @INC 889 890 (F) The module you loaded is trying to load an external library, like 891 for example, C<foo.so> or C<bar.dll>, but the L<DynaLoader> module was 892 unable to locate this library. See L<DynaLoader>. 893 894 =item Can't locate object method "%s" via package "%s" 895 896 (F) You called a method correctly, and it correctly indicated a package 897 functioning as a class, but that package doesn't define that particular 898 method, nor does any of its base classes. See L<perlobj>. 899 900 =item Can't locate package %s for @%s::ISA 901 902 (W syntax) The @ISA array contained the name of another package that 903 doesn't seem to exist. 904 905 =item Can't locate package %s for the parents of %s 906 907 (W syntax) You did not define (or require/use) the first package, 908 which is named as a (possibly indirect) parent of the second by 909 C<@ISA> inheritance. Perl will treat this as if the undefined 910 package had an empty C<@ISA>. 911 912 =item Can't locate PerlIO%s 913 914 (F) You tried to use in open() a PerlIO layer that does not exist, 915 e.g. open(FH, ">:nosuchlayer", "somefile"). 916 917 =item Can't make list assignment to \%ENV on this system 918 919 (F) List assignment to %ENV is not supported on some systems, notably 920 VMS. 921 922 =item Can't modify %s in %s 923 924 (F) You aren't allowed to assign to the item indicated, or otherwise try 925 to change it, such as with an auto-increment. 926 927 =item Can't modify nonexistent substring 928 929 (P) The internal routine that does assignment to a substr() was handed 930 a NULL. 931 932 =item Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call 933 934 (F) Subroutines meant to be used in lvalue context should be declared as 935 such, see L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">. 936 937 =item Can't msgrcv to read-only var 938 939 (F) The target of a msgrcv must be modifiable to be used as a receive 940 buffer. 941 942 =item Can't "next" outside a loop block 943 944 (F) A "next" statement was executed to reiterate the current block, but 945 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't 946 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() or 947 grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect 948 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that loops 949 once. See L<perlfunc/next>. 950 951 =item Can't open %s: %s 952 953 (S inplace) The implicit opening of a file through use of the C<< <> >> 954 filehandle, either implicitly under the C<-n> or C<-p> command-line 955 switches, or explicitly, failed for the indicated reason. Usually this 956 is because you don't have read permission for a file which you named on 957 the command line. 958 959 =item Can't open a reference 960 961 (W io) You tried to open a scalar reference for reading or writing, 962 using the 3-arg open() syntax : 963 964 open FH, '>', $ref; 965 966 but your version of perl is compiled without perlio, and this form of 967 open is not supported. 968 969 =item Can't open bidirectional pipe 970 971 (W pipe) You tried to say C<open(CMD, "|cmd|")>, which is not supported. 972 You can try any of several modules in the Perl library to do this, such 973 as IPC::Open2. Alternately, direct the pipe's output to a file using 974 ">", and then read it in under a different file handle. 975 976 =item Can't open error file %s as stderr 977 978 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line 979 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '2>' or '2>>' on 980 the command line for writing. 981 982 =item Can't open input file %s as stdin 983 984 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line 985 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '<' on the 986 command line for reading. 987 988 =item Can't open output file %s as stdout 989 990 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line 991 redirection, and couldn't open the file specified after '>' or '>>' on 992 the command line for writing. 993 994 =item Can't open output pipe (name: %s) 995 996 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl does its own command line 997 redirection, and couldn't open the pipe into which to send data destined 998 for stdout. 999 1000 =item Can't open perl script%s 1001 1002 (F) The script you specified can't be opened for the indicated reason. 1003 1004 If you're debugging a script that uses #!, and normally relies on the 1005 shell's $PATH search, the -S option causes perl to do that search, so 1006 you don't have to type the path or C<`which $scriptname`>. 1007 1008 =item Can't read CRTL environ 1009 1010 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read an element of %ENV 1011 from the CRTL's internal environment array and discovered the array was 1012 missing. You need to figure out where your CRTL misplaced its environ 1013 or define F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that environ is not 1014 searched. 1015 1016 =item Can't "redo" outside a loop block 1017 1018 (F) A "redo" statement was executed to restart the current block, but 1019 there isn't a current block. Note that an "if" or "else" block doesn't 1020 count as a "loopish" block, as doesn't a block given to sort(), map() 1021 or grep(). You can usually double the curlies to get the same effect 1022 though, because the inner curlies will be considered a block that 1023 loops once. See L<perlfunc/redo>. 1024 1025 =item Can't remove %s: %s, skipping file 1026 1027 (S inplace) You requested an inplace edit without creating a backup 1028 file. Perl was unable to remove the original file to replace it with 1029 the modified file. The file was left unmodified. 1030 1031 =item Can't rename %s to %s: %s, skipping file 1032 1033 (S inplace) The rename done by the B<-i> switch failed for some reason, 1034 probably because you don't have write permission to the directory. 1035 1036 =item Can't reopen input pipe (name: %s) in binary mode 1037 1038 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl thought stdin was a pipe, and tried 1039 to reopen it to accept binary data. Alas, it failed. 1040 1041 =item Can't resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s' 1042 1043 (F|P) Error resolving overloading specified by a method name (as opposed 1044 to a subroutine reference): no such method callable via the package. If 1045 method name is C<???>, this is an internal error. 1046 1047 =item Can't reswap uid and euid 1048 1049 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of 1050 suidperl. 1051 1052 =item Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine 1053 1054 (F) Perl detected an attempt to return illegal lvalues (such as 1055 temporary or readonly values) from a subroutine used as an lvalue. This 1056 is not allowed. 1057 1058 =item Can't return outside a subroutine 1059 1060 (F) The return statement was executed in mainline code, that is, where 1061 there was no subroutine call to return out of. See L<perlsub>. 1062 1063 =item Can't return %s to lvalue scalar context 1064 1065 (F) You tried to return a complete array or hash from an lvalue subroutine, 1066 but you called the subroutine in a way that made Perl think you meant 1067 to return only one value. You probably meant to write parentheses around 1068 the call to the subroutine, which tell Perl that the call should be in 1069 list context. 1070 1071 =item Can't stat script "%s" 1072 1073 (P) For some reason you can't fstat() the script even though you have it 1074 open already. Bizarre. 1075 1076 =item Can't swap uid and euid 1077 1078 (P) The setreuid() call failed for some reason in the setuid emulator of 1079 suidperl. 1080 1081 =item Can't take log of %g 1082 1083 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the logarithm of a 1084 negative number or zero. There's a Math::Complex package that comes 1085 standard with Perl, though, if you really want to do that for the 1086 negative numbers. 1087 1088 =item Can't take sqrt of %g 1089 1090 (F) For ordinary real numbers, you can't take the square root of a 1091 negative number. There's a Math::Complex package that comes standard 1092 with Perl, though, if you really want to do that. 1093 1094 =item Can't undef active subroutine 1095 1096 (F) You can't undefine a routine that's currently running. You can, 1097 however, redefine it while it's running, and you can even undef the 1098 redefined subroutine while the old routine is running. Go figure. 1099 1100 =item Can't unshift 1101 1102 (F) You tried to unshift an "unreal" array that can't be unshifted, such 1103 as the main Perl stack. 1104 1105 =item Can't upgrade %s (%d) to %d 1106 1107 (P) The internal sv_upgrade routine adds "members" to an SV, making it 1108 into a more specialized kind of SV. The top several SV types are so 1109 specialized, however, that they cannot be interconverted. This message 1110 indicates that such a conversion was attempted. 1111 1112 =item Can't use anonymous symbol table for method lookup 1113 1114 (F) The internal routine that does method lookup was handed a symbol 1115 table that doesn't have a name. Symbol tables can become anonymous 1116 for example by undefining stashes: C<undef %Some::Package::>. 1117 1118 =item Can't use an undefined value as %s reference 1119 1120 (F) A value used as either a hard reference or a symbolic reference must 1121 be a defined value. This helps to delurk some insidious errors. 1122 1123 =item Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use 1124 1125 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic 1126 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>. 1127 1128 =item Can't use %! because Errno.pm is not available 1129 1130 (F) The first time the %! hash is used, perl automatically loads the 1131 Errno.pm module. The Errno module is expected to tie the %! hash to 1132 provide symbolic names for C<$!> errno values. 1133 1134 =item Can't use both '<' and '>' after type '%c' in %s 1135 1136 (F) A type cannot be forced to have both big-endian and little-endian 1137 byte-order at the same time, so this combination of modifiers is not 1138 allowed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 1139 1140 =item Can't use %s for loop variable 1141 1142 (F) Only a simple scalar variable may be used as a loop variable on a 1143 foreach. 1144 1145 =item Can't use global %s in "%s" 1146 1147 (F) You tried to declare a magical variable as a lexical variable. This 1148 is not allowed, because the magic can be tied to only one location 1149 (namely the global variable) and it would be incredibly confusing to 1150 have variables in your program that looked like magical variables but 1151 weren't. 1152 1153 =item Can't use '%c' in a group with different byte-order in %s 1154 1155 (F) You attempted to force a different byte-order on a type 1156 that is already inside a group with a byte-order modifier. 1157 For example you cannot force little-endianness on a type that 1158 is inside a big-endian group. 1159 1160 =item Can't use "my %s" in sort comparison 1161 1162 (F) The global variables $a and $b are reserved for sort comparisons. 1163 You mentioned $a or $b in the same line as the <=> or cmp operator, 1164 and the variable had earlier been declared as a lexical variable. 1165 Either qualify the sort variable with the package name, or rename the 1166 lexical variable. 1167 1168 =item Can't use %s ref as %s ref 1169 1170 (F) You've mixed up your reference types. You have to dereference a 1171 reference of the type needed. You can use the ref() function to 1172 test the type of the reference, if need be. 1173 1174 =item Can't use string ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in use 1175 1176 (F) Only hard references are allowed by "strict refs". Symbolic 1177 references are disallowed. See L<perlref>. 1178 1179 =item Can't use subscript on %s 1180 1181 (F) The compiler tried to interpret a bracketed expression as a 1182 subscript. But to the left of the brackets was an expression that 1183 didn't look like a hash or array reference, or anything else subscriptable. 1184 1185 =item Can't use \%c to mean $%c in expression 1186 1187 (W syntax) In an ordinary expression, backslash is a unary operator that 1188 creates a reference to its argument. The use of backslash to indicate a 1189 backreference to a matched substring is valid only as part of a regular 1190 expression pattern. Trying to do this in ordinary Perl code produces a 1191 value that prints out looking like SCALAR(0xdecaf). Use the $1 form 1192 instead. 1193 1194 =item Can't use "when" outside a topicalizer 1195 1196 (F) You have used a when() block that is neither inside a C<foreach> 1197 loop nor a C<given> block. (Note that this error is issued on exit 1198 from the C<when> block, so you won't get the error if the match fails, 1199 or if you use an explicit C<continue>.) 1200 1201 =item Can't weaken a nonreference 1202 1203 (F) You attempted to weaken something that was not a reference. Only 1204 references can be weakened. 1205 1206 =item Can't x= to read-only value 1207 1208 (F) You tried to repeat a constant value (often the undefined value) 1209 with an assignment operator, which implies modifying the value itself. 1210 Perhaps you need to copy the value to a temporary, and repeat that. 1211 1212 =item Character in 'C' format wrapped in pack 1213 1214 (W pack) You said 1215 1216 pack("C", $x) 1217 1218 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255; the C<"C"> format is 1219 only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, 1220 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant 1221 1222 pack("C", $x & 255) 1223 1224 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format 1225 instead. 1226 1227 =item Character in 'W' format wrapped in pack 1228 1229 (W pack) You said 1230 1231 pack("U0W", $x) 1232 1233 where $x is either less than 0 or more than 255. However, C<U0>-mode expects 1234 all values to fall in the interval [0, 255], so Perl behaved as if you 1235 meant: 1236 1237 pack("U0W", $x & 255) 1238 1239 =item Character in 'c' format wrapped in pack 1240 1241 (W pack) You said 1242 1243 pack("c", $x) 1244 1245 where $x is either less than -128 or more than 127; the C<"c"> format 1246 is only for encoding native operating system characters (ASCII, EBCDIC, 1247 and so on) and not for Unicode characters, so Perl behaved as if you meant 1248 1249 pack("c", $x & 255); 1250 1251 If you actually want to pack Unicode codepoints, use the C<"U"> format 1252 instead. 1253 1254 =item Character in '%c' format wrapped in unpack 1255 1256 (W unpack) You tried something like 1257 1258 unpack("H", "\x{2a1}") 1259 1260 where the format expects to process a byte (a character with a value 1261 below 256), but a higher value was provided instead. Perl uses the value 1262 modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: 1263 1264 unpack("H", "\x{a1}") 1265 1266 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in pack 1267 1268 (W pack) You tried something like 1269 1270 pack("u", "\x{1f3}b") 1271 1272 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a 1273 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl 1274 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: 1275 1276 pack("u", "\x{f3}b") 1277 1278 =item Character(s) in '%c' format wrapped in unpack 1279 1280 (W unpack) You tried something like 1281 1282 unpack("s", "\x{1f3}b") 1283 1284 where the format expects to process a sequence of bytes (character with a 1285 value below 256), but some of the characters had a higher value. Perl 1286 uses the character values modulus 256 instead, as if you had provided: 1287 1288 unpack("s", "\x{f3}b") 1289 1290 =item close() on unopened filehandle %s 1291 1292 (W unopened) You tried to close a filehandle that was never opened. 1293 1294 =item closedir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s 1295 1296 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to close is either closed or not really 1297 a dirhandle. Check your control flow. 1298 1299 =item Code missing after '/' 1300 1301 (F) You had a (sub-)template that ends with a '/'. There must be another 1302 template code following the slash. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 1303 1304 =item %s: Command not found 1305 1306 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. 1307 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. 1308 1309 =item Compilation failed in require 1310 1311 (F) Perl could not compile a file specified in a C<require> statement. 1312 Perl uses this generic message when none of the errors that it 1313 encountered were severe enough to halt compilation immediately. 1314 1315 =item Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (%d) exceeded 1316 1317 (W regexp) The regular expression engine uses recursion in complex 1318 situations where back-tracking is required. Recursion depth is limited 1319 to 32766, or perhaps less in architectures where the stack cannot grow 1320 arbitrarily. ("Simple" and "medium" situations are handled without 1321 recursion and are not subject to a limit.) Try shortening the string 1322 under examination; looping in Perl code (e.g. with C<while>) rather than 1323 in the regular expression engine; or rewriting the regular expression so 1324 that it is simpler or backtracks less. (See L<perlfaq2> for information 1325 on I<Mastering Regular Expressions>.) 1326 1327 =item cond_broadcast() called on unlocked variable 1328 1329 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call 1330 cond_broadcast() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_broadcast() 1331 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a 1332 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread 1333 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to 1334 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed 1335 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the 1336 lock. 1337 1338 =item cond_signal() called on unlocked variable 1339 1340 (W threads) Within a thread-enabled program, you tried to call 1341 cond_signal() on a variable which wasn't locked. The cond_signal() 1342 function is used to wake up another thread that is waiting in a 1343 cond_wait(). To ensure that the signal isn't sent before the other thread 1344 has a chance to enter the wait, it is usual for the signaling thread to 1345 first wait for a lock on variable. This lock attempt will only succeed 1346 after the other thread has entered cond_wait() and thus relinquished the 1347 lock. 1348 1349 =item connect() on closed socket %s 1350 1351 (W closed) You tried to do a connect on a closed socket. Did you forget 1352 to check the return value of your socket() call? See 1353 L<perlfunc/connect>. 1354 1355 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s 1356 1357 (F) The parser found inconsistencies either while attempting to define 1358 an overloaded constant, or when trying to find the character name 1359 specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you forgot to load the 1360 corresponding C<overload> or C<charnames> pragma? See L<charnames> and 1361 L<overload>. 1362 1363 =item Constant(%s)%s: %s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 1364 1365 (F) The parser found inconsistencies while attempting to find 1366 the character name specified in the C<\N{...}> escape. Perhaps you 1367 forgot to load the corresponding C<charnames> pragma? 1368 See L<charnames>. 1369 1370 1371 =item Constant is not %s reference 1372 1373 (F) A constant value (perhaps declared using the C<use constant> pragma) 1374 is being dereferenced, but it amounts to the wrong type of reference. 1375 The message indicates the type of reference that was expected. This 1376 usually indicates a syntax error in dereferencing the constant value. 1377 See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> and L<constant>. 1378 1379 =item Constant subroutine %s redefined 1380 1381 (S) You redefined a subroutine which had previously been 1382 eligible for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for 1383 commentary and workarounds. 1384 1385 =item Constant subroutine %s undefined 1386 1387 (W misc) You undefined a subroutine which had previously been eligible 1388 for inlining. See L<perlsub/"Constant Functions"> for commentary and 1389 workarounds. 1390 1391 =item Copy method did not return a reference 1392 1393 (F) The method which overloads "=" is buggy. See 1394 L<overload/Copy Constructor>. 1395 1396 =item CORE::%s is not a keyword 1397 1398 (F) The CORE:: namespace is reserved for Perl keywords. 1399 1400 =item corrupted regexp pointers 1401 1402 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular 1403 expression compiler gave it. 1404 1405 =item corrupted regexp program 1406 1407 (P) The regular expression engine got passed a regexp program without a 1408 valid magic number. 1409 1410 =item Corrupt malloc ptr 0x%lx at 0x%lx 1411 1412 (P) The malloc package that comes with Perl had an internal failure. 1413 1414 =item Count after length/code in unpack 1415 1416 (F) You had an unpack template indicating a counted-length string, but 1417 you have also specified an explicit size for the string. See 1418 L<perlfunc/pack>. 1419 1420 =item Deep recursion on subroutine "%s" 1421 1422 (W recursion) This subroutine has called itself (directly or indirectly) 1423 100 times more than it has returned. This probably indicates an 1424 infinite recursion, unless you're writing strange benchmark programs, in 1425 which case it indicates something else. 1426 1427 =item defined(@array) is deprecated 1428 1429 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on arrays because it 1430 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the 1431 array is empty, just use C<if (@array) { # not empty }> for example. 1432 1433 =item defined(%hash) is deprecated 1434 1435 (D deprecated) defined() is not usually useful on hashes because it 1436 checks for an undefined I<scalar> value. If you want to see if the hash 1437 is empty, just use C<if (%hash) { # not empty }> for example. 1438 1439 =item %s defines neither package nor VERSION--version check failed 1440 1441 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but in the Module file 1442 there are neither package declarations nor a C<$VERSION>. 1443 1444 =item Delimiter for here document is too long 1445 1446 (F) In a here document construct like C<<<FOO>, the label C<FOO> is too 1447 long for Perl to handle. You have to be seriously twisted to write code 1448 that triggers this error. 1449 1450 =item Deprecated use of my() in false conditional 1451 1452 (D deprecated) You used a declaration similar to C<my $x if 0>. 1453 There has been a long-standing bug in Perl that causes a lexical variable 1454 not to be cleared at scope exit when its declaration includes a false 1455 conditional. Some people have exploited this bug to achieve a kind of 1456 static variable. Since we intend to fix this bug, we don't want people 1457 relying on this behavior. You can achieve a similar static effect by 1458 declaring the variable in a separate block outside the function, eg 1459 1460 sub f { my $x if 0; return $x++ } 1461 1462 becomes 1463 1464 { my $x; sub f { return $x++ } } 1465 1466 Beginning with perl 5.9.4, you can also use C<state> variables to 1467 have lexicals that are initialized only once (see L<feature>): 1468 1469 sub f { state $x; return $x++ } 1470 1471 =item DESTROY created new reference to dead object '%s' 1472 1473 (F) A DESTROY() method created a new reference to the object which is 1474 just being DESTROYed. Perl is confused, and prefers to abort rather than 1475 to create a dangling reference. 1476 1477 =item Did not produce a valid header 1478 1479 See Server error. 1480 1481 =item %s did not return a true value 1482 1483 (F) A required (or used) file must return a true value to indicate that 1484 it compiled correctly and ran its initialization code correctly. It's 1485 traditional to end such a file with a "1;", though any true value would 1486 do. See L<perlfunc/require>. 1487 1488 =item (Did you mean &%s instead?) 1489 1490 (W) You probably referred to an imported subroutine &FOO as $FOO or some 1491 such. 1492 1493 =item (Did you mean "local" instead of "our"?) 1494 1495 (W misc) Remember that "our" does not localize the declared global 1496 variable. You have declared it again in the same lexical scope, which 1497 seems superfluous. 1498 1499 =item (Did you mean $ or @ instead of %?) 1500 1501 (W) You probably said %hash{$key} when you meant $hash{$key} or 1502 @hash{@keys}. On the other hand, maybe you just meant %hash and got 1503 carried away. 1504 1505 =item Died 1506 1507 (F) You passed die() an empty string (the equivalent of C<die "">) or 1508 you called it with no args and both C<$@> and C<$_> were empty. 1509 1510 =item Document contains no data 1511 1512 See Server error. 1513 1514 =item %s does not define %s::VERSION--version check failed 1515 1516 (F) You said something like "use Module 42" but the Module did not 1517 define a C<$VERSION.> 1518 1519 =item '/' does not take a repeat count 1520 1521 (F) You cannot put a repeat count of any kind right after the '/' code. 1522 See L<perlfunc/pack>. 1523 1524 =item Don't know how to handle magic of type '%s' 1525 1526 (P) The internal handling of magical variables has been cursed. 1527 1528 =item do_study: out of memory 1529 1530 (P) This should have been caught by safemalloc() instead. 1531 1532 =item (Do you need to predeclare %s?) 1533 1534 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message 1535 "%s found where operator expected". It often means a subroutine or module 1536 name is being referenced that hasn't been declared yet. This may be 1537 because of ordering problems in your file, or because of a missing 1538 "sub", "package", "require", or "use" statement. If you're referencing 1539 something that isn't defined yet, you don't actually have to define the 1540 subroutine or package before the current location. You can use an empty 1541 "sub foo;" or "package FOO;" to enter a "forward" declaration. 1542 1543 =item dump() better written as CORE::dump() 1544 1545 (W misc) You used the obsolescent C<dump()> built-in function, without fully 1546 qualifying it as C<CORE::dump()>. Maybe it's a typo. See L<perlfunc/dump>. 1547 1548 =item dump is not supported 1549 1550 (F) Your machine doesn't support dump/undump. 1551 1552 =item Duplicate free() ignored 1553 1554 (S malloc) An internal routine called free() on something that had 1555 already been freed. 1556 1557 =item Duplicate modifier '%c' after '%c' in %s 1558 1559 (W) You have applied the same modifier more than once after a type 1560 in a pack template. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 1561 1562 =item elseif should be elsif 1563 1564 (S syntax) There is no keyword "elseif" in Perl because Larry thinks it's 1565 ugly. Your code will be interpreted as an attempt to call a method named 1566 "elseif" for the class returned by the following block. This is 1567 unlikely to be what you want. 1568 1569 =item Empty %s 1570 1571 (F) C<\p> and C<\P> are used to introduce a named Unicode property, as 1572 described in L<perlunicode> and L<perlre>. You used C<\p> or C<\P> in 1573 a regular expression without specifying the property name. 1574 1575 =item entering effective %s failed 1576 1577 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and 1578 effective uids or gids failed. 1579 1580 =item %ENV is aliased to %s 1581 1582 (F) You're running under taint mode, and the C<%ENV> variable has been 1583 aliased to another hash, so it doesn't reflect anymore the state of the 1584 program's environment. This is potentially insecure. 1585 1586 =item Error converting file specification %s 1587 1588 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Because Perl may have to deal with file 1589 specifications in either VMS or Unix syntax, it converts them to a 1590 single form when it must operate on them directly. Either you've passed 1591 an invalid file specification to Perl, or you've found a case the 1592 conversion routines don't handle. Drat. 1593 1594 =item %s: Eval-group in insecure regular expression 1595 1596 (F) Perl detected tainted data when trying to compile a regular 1597 expression that contains the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion, which 1598 is unsafe. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>, and L<perlsec>. 1599 1600 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed at run time 1601 1602 (F) Perl tried to compile a regular expression containing the 1603 C<(?{ ... })> zero-width assertion at run time, as it would when the 1604 pattern contains interpolated values. Since that is a security risk, it 1605 is not allowed. If you insist, you may still do this by explicitly 1606 building the pattern from an interpolated string at run time and using 1607 that in an eval(). See L<perlre/(?{ code })>. 1608 1609 =item %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval' 1610 1611 (F) A regular expression contained the C<(?{ ... })> zero-width 1612 assertion, but that construct is only allowed when the C<use re 'eval'> 1613 pragma is in effect. See L<perlre/(?{ code })>. 1614 1615 =item EVAL without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 1616 1617 (F) You used a pattern that nested too many EVAL calls without consuming 1618 any text. Restructure the pattern so that text is consumed. 1619 1620 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 1621 discovered. 1622 1623 =item Excessively long <> operator 1624 1625 (F) The contents of a <> operator may not exceed the maximum size of a 1626 Perl identifier. If you're just trying to glob a long list of 1627 filenames, try using the glob() operator, or put the filenames into a 1628 variable and glob that. 1629 1630 =item exec? I'm not *that* kind of operating system 1631 1632 (F) The C<exec> function is not implemented in MacPerl. See L<perlport>. 1633 1634 =item Execution of %s aborted due to compilation errors 1635 1636 (F) The final summary message when a Perl compilation fails. 1637 1638 =item Exiting eval via %s 1639 1640 (W exiting) You are exiting an eval by unconventional means, such as a 1641 goto, or a loop control statement. 1642 1643 =item Exiting format via %s 1644 1645 (W exiting) You are exiting a format by unconventional means, such as a 1646 goto, or a loop control statement. 1647 1648 =item Exiting pseudo-block via %s 1649 1650 (W exiting) You are exiting a rather special block construct (like a 1651 sort block or subroutine) by unconventional means, such as a goto, or a 1652 loop control statement. See L<perlfunc/sort>. 1653 1654 =item Exiting subroutine via %s 1655 1656 (W exiting) You are exiting a subroutine by unconventional means, such 1657 as a goto, or a loop control statement. 1658 1659 =item Exiting substitution via %s 1660 1661 (W exiting) You are exiting a substitution by unconventional means, such 1662 as a return, a goto, or a loop control statement. 1663 1664 =item Explicit blessing to '' (assuming package main) 1665 1666 (W misc) You are blessing a reference to a zero length string. This has 1667 the effect of blessing the reference into the package main. This is 1668 usually not what you want. Consider providing a default target package, 1669 e.g. bless($ref, $p || 'MyPackage'); 1670 1671 =item %s: Expression syntax 1672 1673 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. 1674 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. 1675 1676 =item %s failed--call queue aborted 1677 1678 (F) An untrapped exception was raised while executing a UNITCHECK, 1679 CHECK, INIT, or END subroutine. Processing of the remainder of the 1680 queue of such routines has been prematurely ended. 1681 1682 =item False [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 1683 1684 (W regexp) A character class range must start and end at a literal 1685 character, not another character class like C<\d> or C<[:alpha:]>. The "-" 1686 in your false range is interpreted as a literal "-". Consider quoting the 1687 "-", "\-". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the 1688 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 1689 1690 =item Fatal VMS error at %s, line %d 1691 1692 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Something untoward happened in a VMS 1693 system service or RTL routine; Perl's exit status should provide more 1694 details. The filename in "at %s" and the line number in "line %d" tell 1695 you which section of the Perl source code is distressed. 1696 1697 =item fcntl is not implemented 1698 1699 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement fcntl(). What is this, a 1700 PDP-11 or something? 1701 1702 =item FETCHSIZE returned a negative value 1703 1704 (F) A tied array claimed to have a negative number of elements, which 1705 is not possible. 1706 1707 =item Field too wide in 'u' format in pack 1708 1709 (W pack) Each line in an uuencoded string start with a length indicator 1710 which can't encode values above 63. So there is no point in asking for 1711 a line length bigger than that. Perl will behave as if you specified 1712 C<u63> as format. 1713 1714 =item Filehandle %s opened only for input 1715 1716 (W io) You tried to write on a read-only filehandle. If you intended 1717 it to be a read-write filehandle, you needed to open it with "+<" or 1718 "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you intended only to 1719 write the file, use ">" or ">>". See L<perlfunc/open>. 1720 1721 =item Filehandle %s opened only for output 1722 1723 (W io) You tried to read from a filehandle opened only for writing, If 1724 you intended it to be a read/write filehandle, you needed to open it 1725 with "+<" or "+>" or "+>>" instead of with "<" or nothing. If you 1726 intended only to read from the file, use "<". See L<perlfunc/open>. 1727 Another possibility is that you attempted to open filedescriptor 0 1728 (also known as STDIN) for output (maybe you closed STDIN earlier?). 1729 1730 =item Filehandle %s reopened as %s only for input 1731 1732 (W io) You opened for reading a filehandle that got the same filehandle id 1733 as STDOUT or STDERR. This occurred because you closed STDOUT or STDERR 1734 previously. 1735 1736 =item Filehandle STDIN reopened as %s only for output 1737 1738 (W io) You opened for writing a filehandle that got the same filehandle id 1739 as STDIN. This occurred because you closed STDIN previously. 1740 1741 =item Final $ should be \$ or $name 1742 1743 (F) You must now decide whether the final $ in a string was meant to be 1744 a literal dollar sign, or was meant to introduce a variable name that 1745 happens to be missing. So you have to put either the backslash or the 1746 name. 1747 1748 =item flock() on closed filehandle %s 1749 1750 (W closed) The filehandle you're attempting to flock() got itself closed 1751 some time before now. Check your control flow. flock() operates on 1752 filehandles. Are you attempting to call flock() on a dirhandle by the 1753 same name? 1754 1755 =item Format not terminated 1756 1757 (F) A format must be terminated by a line with a solitary dot. Perl got 1758 to the end of your file without finding such a line. 1759 1760 =item Format %s redefined 1761 1762 (W redefine) You redefined a format. To suppress this warning, say 1763 1764 { 1765 no warnings 'redefine'; 1766 eval "format NAME =..."; 1767 } 1768 1769 =item Found = in conditional, should be == 1770 1771 (W syntax) You said 1772 1773 if ($foo = 123) 1774 1775 when you meant 1776 1777 if ($foo == 123) 1778 1779 (or something like that). 1780 1781 =item %s found where operator expected 1782 1783 (S syntax) The Perl lexer knows whether to expect a term or an operator. 1784 If it sees what it knows to be a term when it was expecting to see an 1785 operator, it gives you this warning. Usually it indicates that an 1786 operator or delimiter was omitted, such as a semicolon. 1787 1788 =item gdbm store returned %d, errno %d, key "%s" 1789 1790 (S) A warning from the GDBM_File extension that a store failed. 1791 1792 =item gethostent not implemented 1793 1794 (F) Your C library apparently doesn't implement gethostent(), probably 1795 because if it did, it'd feel morally obligated to return every hostname 1796 on the Internet. 1797 1798 =item get%sname() on closed socket %s 1799 1800 (W closed) You tried to get a socket or peer socket name on a closed 1801 socket. Did you forget to check the return value of your socket() call? 1802 1803 =item getpwnam returned invalid UIC %#o for user "%s" 1804 1805 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. The call to C<sys$getuai> underlying the 1806 C<getpwnam> operator returned an invalid UIC. 1807 1808 =item getsockopt() on closed socket %s 1809 1810 (W closed) You tried to get a socket option on a closed socket. Did you 1811 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See 1812 L<perlfunc/getsockopt>. 1813 1814 =item Global symbol "%s" requires explicit package name 1815 1816 (F) You've said "use strict" or "use strict vars", which indicates 1817 that all variables must either be lexically scoped (using "my" or "state"), 1818 declared beforehand using "our", or explicitly qualified to say 1819 which package the global variable is in (using "::"). 1820 1821 =item glob failed (%s) 1822 1823 (W glob) Something went wrong with the external program(s) used for 1824 C<glob> and C<< <*.c> >>. Usually, this means that you supplied a 1825 C<glob> pattern that caused the external program to fail and exit with a 1826 nonzero status. If the message indicates that the abnormal exit 1827 resulted in a coredump, this may also mean that your csh (C shell) is 1828 broken. If so, you should change all of the csh-related variables in 1829 config.sh: If you have tcsh, make the variables refer to it as if it 1830 were csh (e.g. C<full_csh='/usr/bin/tcsh'>); otherwise, make them all 1831 empty (except that C<d_csh> should be C<'undef'>) so that Perl will 1832 think csh is missing. In either case, after editing config.sh, run 1833 C<./Configure -S> and rebuild Perl. 1834 1835 =item Glob not terminated 1836 1837 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting 1838 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and 1839 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out 1840 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". 1841 1842 =item Got an error from DosAllocMem 1843 1844 (P) An error peculiar to OS/2. Most probably you're using an obsolete 1845 version of Perl, and this should not happen anyway. 1846 1847 =item goto must have label 1848 1849 (F) Unlike with "next" or "last", you're not allowed to goto an 1850 unspecified destination. See L<perlfunc/goto>. 1851 1852 =item ()-group starts with a count 1853 1854 (F) A ()-group started with a count. A count is 1855 supposed to follow something: a template character or a ()-group. 1856 See L<perlfunc/pack>. 1857 1858 =item %s had compilation errors 1859 1860 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> fails. 1861 1862 =item Had to create %s unexpectedly 1863 1864 (S internal) A routine asked for a symbol from a symbol table that ought 1865 to have existed already, but for some reason it didn't, and had to be 1866 created on an emergency basis to prevent a core dump. 1867 1868 =item Hash %%s missing the % in argument %d of %s() 1869 1870 (D deprecated) Really old Perl let you omit the % on hash names in some 1871 spots. This is now heavily deprecated. 1872 1873 =item %s has too many errors 1874 1875 (F) The parser has given up trying to parse the program after 10 errors. 1876 Further error messages would likely be uninformative. 1877 1878 =item Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable 1879 1880 (W portable) The hexadecimal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 1881 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See 1882 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. 1883 1884 =item Identifier too long 1885 1886 (F) Perl limits identifiers (names for variables, functions, etc.) to 1887 about 250 characters for simple names, and somewhat more for compound 1888 names (like C<$A::B>). You've exceeded Perl's limits. Future versions 1889 of Perl are likely to eliminate these arbitrary limitations. 1890 1891 =item Ignoring %s in character class in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 1892 1893 (W) Named Unicode character escapes (\N{...}) may return multi-char 1894 or zero length sequences. When such an escape is used in a character class 1895 its behaviour is not well defined. Check that the correct escape has 1896 been used, and the correct charname handler is in scope. 1897 1898 =item Illegal binary digit %s 1899 1900 (F) You used a digit other than 0 or 1 in a binary number. 1901 1902 =item Illegal binary digit %s ignored 1903 1904 (W digit) You may have tried to use a digit other than 0 or 1 in a 1905 binary number. Interpretation of the binary number stopped before the 1906 offending digit. 1907 1908 =item Illegal character %s (carriage return) 1909 1910 (F) Perl normally treats carriage returns in the program text as it 1911 would any other whitespace, which means you should never see this error 1912 when Perl was built using standard options. For some reason, your 1913 version of Perl appears to have been built without this support. Talk 1914 to your Perl administrator. 1915 1916 =item Illegal character in prototype for %s : %s 1917 1918 (W syntax) An illegal character was found in a prototype declaration. Legal 1919 characters in prototypes are $, @, %, *, ;, [, ], &, and \. 1920 1921 =item Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine 1922 1923 (F) When using the C<sub> keyword to construct an anonymous subroutine, 1924 you must always specify a block of code. See L<perlsub>. 1925 1926 =item Illegal declaration of subroutine %s 1927 1928 (F) A subroutine was not declared correctly. See L<perlsub>. 1929 1930 =item Illegal division by zero 1931 1932 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0. Either something was wrong in 1933 your logic, or you need to put a conditional in to guard against 1934 meaningless input. 1935 1936 =item Illegal hexadecimal digit %s ignored 1937 1938 (W digit) You may have tried to use a character other than 0 - 9 or 1939 A - F, a - f in a hexadecimal number. Interpretation of the hexadecimal 1940 number stopped before the illegal character. 1941 1942 =item Illegal modulus zero 1943 1944 (F) You tried to divide a number by 0 to get the remainder. Most 1945 numbers don't take to this kindly. 1946 1947 =item Illegal number of bits in vec 1948 1949 (F) The number of bits in vec() (the third argument) must be a power of 1950 two from 1 to 32 (or 64, if your platform supports that). 1951 1952 =item Illegal octal digit %s 1953 1954 (F) You used an 8 or 9 in an octal number. 1955 1956 =item Illegal octal digit %s ignored 1957 1958 (W digit) You may have tried to use an 8 or 9 in an octal number. 1959 Interpretation of the octal number stopped before the 8 or 9. 1960 1961 =item Illegal switch in PERL5OPT: %s 1962 1963 (X) The PERL5OPT environment variable may only be used to set the 1964 following switches: B<-[CDIMUdmtw]>. 1965 1966 =item Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s" 1967 1968 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the CRTL's 1969 internal environ array, and encountered an element without the C<=> 1970 delimiter used to separate keys from values. The element is ignored. 1971 1972 =item Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter: |%s| 1973 1974 (W internal) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read a logical 1975 name or CLI symbol definition when preparing to iterate over %ENV, and 1976 didn't see the expected delimiter between key and value, so the line was 1977 ignored. 1978 1979 =item (in cleanup) %s 1980 1981 (W misc) This prefix usually indicates that a DESTROY() method raised 1982 the indicated exception. Since destructors are usually called by the 1983 system at arbitrary points during execution, and often a vast number of 1984 times, the warning is issued only once for any number of failures that 1985 would otherwise result in the same message being repeated. 1986 1987 Failure of user callbacks dispatched using the C<G_KEEPERR> flag could 1988 also result in this warning. See L<perlcall/G_KEEPERR>. 1989 1990 =item Inconsistent hierarchy during C3 merge of class '%s': merging failed on parent '%s' 1991 1992 (F) The method resolution order (MRO) of the given class is not 1993 C3-consistent, and you have enabled the C3 MRO for this class. See the C3 1994 documentation in L<mro> for more information. 1995 1996 =item In EBCDIC the v-string components cannot exceed 2147483647 1997 1998 (F) An error peculiar to EBCDIC. Internally, v-strings are stored as 1999 Unicode code points, and encoded in EBCDIC as UTF-EBCDIC. The UTF-EBCDIC 2000 encoding is limited to code points no larger than 2147483647 (0x7FFFFFFF). 2001 2002 =item Infinite recursion in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 2003 2004 (F) You used a pattern that references itself without consuming any input 2005 text. You should check the pattern to ensure that recursive patterns 2006 either consume text or fail. 2007 2008 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 2009 discovered. 2010 2011 =item Initialization of state variables in list context currently forbidden 2012 2013 (F) Currently the implementation of "state" only permits the initialization 2014 of scalar variables in scalar context. Re-write C<state ($a) = 42> as 2015 C<state $a = 42> to change from list to scalar context. Constructions such 2016 as C<state (@a) = foo()> will be supported in a future perl release. 2017 2018 =item Insecure dependency in %s 2019 2020 (F) You tried to do something that the tainting mechanism didn't like. 2021 The tainting mechanism is turned on when you're running setuid or 2022 setgid, or when you specify B<-T> to turn it on explicitly. The 2023 tainting mechanism labels all data that's derived directly or indirectly 2024 from the user, who is considered to be unworthy of your trust. If any 2025 such data is used in a "dangerous" operation, you get this error. See 2026 L<perlsec> for more information. 2027 2028 =item Insecure directory in %s 2029 2030 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or 2031 setgid script if C<$ENV{PATH}> contains a directory that is writable by 2032 the world. Also, the PATH must not contain any relative directory. 2033 See L<perlsec>. 2034 2035 =item Insecure $ENV{%s} while running %s 2036 2037 (F) You can't use system(), exec(), or a piped open in a setuid or 2038 setgid script if any of C<$ENV{PATH}>, C<$ENV{IFS}>, C<$ENV{CDPATH}>, 2039 C<$ENV{ENV}>, C<$ENV{BASH_ENV}> or C<$ENV{TERM}> are derived from data 2040 supplied (or potentially supplied) by the user. The script must set 2041 the path to a known value, using trustworthy data. See L<perlsec>. 2042 2043 =item Integer overflow in %s number 2044 2045 (W overflow) The hexadecimal, octal or binary number you have specified 2046 either as a literal or as an argument to hex() or oct() is too big for 2047 your architecture, and has been converted to a floating point number. 2048 On a 32-bit architecture the largest hexadecimal, octal or binary number 2049 representable without overflow is 0xFFFFFFFF, 037777777777, or 2050 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 respectively. Note that Perl 2051 transparently promotes all numbers to a floating point representation 2052 internally--subject to loss of precision errors in subsequent 2053 operations. 2054 2055 =item Integer overflow in format string for %s 2056 2057 (F) The indexes and widths specified in the format string of C<printf()> 2058 or C<sprintf()> are too large. The numbers must not overflow the size of 2059 integers for your architecture. 2060 2061 =item Integer overflow in version 2062 2063 (F) Some portion of a version initialization is too large for the 2064 size of integers for your architecture. This is not a warning 2065 because there is no rational reason for a version to try and use a 2066 element larger than typically 2**32. This is usually caused by 2067 trying to use some odd mathematical operation as a version, like 2068 100/9. 2069 2070 =item Internal disaster in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 2071 2072 (P) Something went badly wrong in the regular expression parser. 2073 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 2074 discovered. 2075 2076 =item Internal inconsistency in tracking vforks 2077 2078 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl keeps track of the number of times 2079 you've called C<fork> and C<exec>, to determine whether the current call 2080 to C<exec> should affect the current script or a subprocess (see 2081 L<perlvms/"exec LIST">). Somehow, this count has become scrambled, so 2082 Perl is making a guess and treating this C<exec> as a request to 2083 terminate the Perl script and execute the specified command. 2084 2085 =item Internal urp in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 2086 2087 (P) Something went badly awry in the regular expression parser. The 2088 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 2089 discovered. 2090 2091 =item %s (...) interpreted as function 2092 2093 (W syntax) You've run afoul of the rule that says that any list operator 2094 followed by parentheses turns into a function, with all the list 2095 operators arguments found inside the parentheses. See 2096 L<perlop/Terms and List Operators (Leftward)>. 2097 2098 =item Invalid %s attribute: %s 2099 2100 The indicated attribute for a subroutine or variable was not recognized 2101 by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. 2102 2103 =item Invalid %s attributes: %s 2104 2105 The indicated attributes for a subroutine or variable were not 2106 recognized by Perl or by a user-supplied handler. See L<attributes>. 2107 2108 =item Invalid conversion in %s: "%s" 2109 2110 (W printf) Perl does not understand the given format conversion. See 2111 L<perlfunc/sprintf>. 2112 2113 =item Invalid escape in the specified encoding in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 2114 2115 (W regexp) The numeric escape (for example C<\xHH>) of value < 256 2116 didn't correspond to a single character through the conversion 2117 from the encoding specified by the encoding pragma. 2118 The escape was replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER (U+FFFD) instead. 2119 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the 2120 escape was discovered. 2121 2122 =item Invalid mro name: '%s' 2123 2124 (F) You tried to C<mro::set_mro("classname", "foo")> 2125 or C<use mro 'foo'>, where C<foo> is not a valid method resolution order (MRO). 2126 (Currently, the only valid ones are C<dfs> and C<c3>). See L<mro>. 2127 2128 =item Invalid [] range "%s" in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 2129 2130 (F) The range specified in a character class had a minimum character 2131 greater than the maximum character. One possibility is that you forgot the 2132 C<{}> from your ending C<\x{}> - C<\x> without the curly braces can go only 2133 up to C<ff>. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the 2134 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 2135 2136 =item Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator 2137 2138 (F) The range specified in the tr/// or y/// operator had a minimum 2139 character greater than the maximum character. See L<perlop>. 2140 2141 =item Invalid separator character %s in attribute list 2142 2143 (F) Something other than a colon or whitespace was seen between the 2144 elements of an attribute list. If the previous attribute had a 2145 parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that list was terminated too soon. 2146 See L<attributes>. 2147 2148 =item Invalid separator character %s in PerlIO layer specification %s 2149 2150 (W layer) When pushing layers onto the Perl I/O system, something other than a 2151 colon or whitespace was seen between the elements of a layer list. 2152 If the previous attribute had a parenthesised parameter list, perhaps that 2153 list was terminated too soon. 2154 2155 =item Invalid type '%s' in %s 2156 2157 (F) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type. 2158 See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2159 (W) The given character is not a valid pack or unpack type but used to be 2160 silently ignored. 2161 2162 =item Invalid version format (multiple underscores) 2163 2164 (F) Versions may contain at most a single underscore, which signals 2165 that the version is a beta release. See L<version> for the allowed 2166 version formats. 2167 2168 =item Invalid version format (underscores before decimal) 2169 2170 (F) Versions may not contain decimals after the optional underscore. 2171 See L<version> for the allowed version formats. 2172 2173 =item ioctl is not implemented 2174 2175 (F) Your machine apparently doesn't implement ioctl(), which is pretty 2176 strange for a machine that supports C. 2177 2178 =item ioctl() on unopened %s 2179 2180 (W unopened) You tried ioctl() on a filehandle that was never opened. 2181 Check you control flow and number of arguments. 2182 2183 =item IO layers (like "%s") unavailable 2184 2185 (F) Your Perl has not been configured to have PerlIO, and therefore 2186 you cannot use IO layers. To have PerlIO Perl must be configured 2187 with 'useperlio'. 2188 2189 =item IO::Socket::atmark not implemented on this architecture 2190 2191 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the sockatmark() functionality, 2192 neither as a system call or an ioctl call (SIOCATMARK). 2193 2194 =item $* is no longer supported 2195 2196 (S deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$*>, deprecated in older perls, has 2197 been removed as of 5.9.0 and is no longer supported. You should use the 2198 C<//m> and C<//s> regexp modifiers instead. 2199 2200 =item $# is no longer supported 2201 2202 (S deprecated, syntax) The special variable C<$#>, deprecated in older perls, has 2203 been removed as of 5.9.3 and is no longer supported. You should use the 2204 printf/sprintf functions instead. 2205 2206 =item `%s' is not a code reference 2207 2208 (W overload) The second (fourth, sixth, ...) argument of overload::constant 2209 needs to be a code reference. Either an anonymous subroutine, or a reference 2210 to a subroutine. 2211 2212 =item `%s' is not an overloadable type 2213 2214 (W overload) You tried to overload a constant type the overload package is 2215 unaware of. 2216 2217 =item junk on end of regexp 2218 2219 (P) The regular expression parser is confused. 2220 2221 =item Label not found for "last %s" 2222 2223 (F) You named a loop to break out of, but you're not currently in a loop 2224 of that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See 2225 L<perlfunc/last>. 2226 2227 =item Label not found for "next %s" 2228 2229 (F) You named a loop to continue, but you're not currently in a loop of 2230 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See 2231 L<perlfunc/last>. 2232 2233 =item Label not found for "redo %s" 2234 2235 (F) You named a loop to restart, but you're not currently in a loop of 2236 that name, not even if you count where you were called from. See 2237 L<perlfunc/last>. 2238 2239 =item leaving effective %s failed 2240 2241 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, switching the real and 2242 effective uids or gids failed. 2243 2244 =item length/code after end of string in unpack 2245 2246 (F) While unpacking, the string buffer was already used up when an unpack 2247 length/code combination tried to obtain more data. This results in 2248 an undefined value for the length. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2249 2250 =item listen() on closed socket %s 2251 2252 (W closed) You tried to do a listen on a closed socket. Did you forget 2253 to check the return value of your socket() call? See 2254 L<perlfunc/listen>. 2255 2256 =item Lookbehind longer than %d not implemented in regex m/%s/ 2257 2258 (F) There is currently a limit on the length of string which lookbehind can 2259 handle. This restriction may be eased in a future release. 2260 2261 =item lstat() on filehandle %s 2262 2263 (W io) You tried to do an lstat on a filehandle. What did you mean 2264 by that? lstat() makes sense only on filenames. (Perl did a fstat() 2265 instead on the filehandle.) 2266 2267 =item Lvalue subs returning %s not implemented yet 2268 2269 (F) Due to limitations in the current implementation, array and hash 2270 values cannot be returned in subroutines used in lvalue context. See 2271 L<perlsub/"Lvalue subroutines">. 2272 2273 =item Malformed integer in [] in pack 2274 2275 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits 2276 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2277 2278 =item Malformed integer in [] in unpack 2279 2280 (F) Between the brackets enclosing a numeric repeat count only digits 2281 are permitted. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2282 2283 =item Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX 2284 2285 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERLLIB_PREFIX should be of the form 2286 2287 prefix1;prefix2 2288 2289 or 2290 prefix1 prefix2 2291 2292 with nonempty prefix1 and prefix2. If C<prefix1> is indeed a prefix of 2293 a builtin library search path, prefix2 is substituted. The error may 2294 appear if components are not found, or are too long. See 2295 "PERLLIB_PREFIX" in L<perlos2>. 2296 2297 =item Malformed prototype for %s: %s 2298 2299 (F) You tried to use a function with a malformed prototype. The 2300 syntax of function prototypes is given a brief compile-time check for 2301 obvious errors like invalid characters. A more rigorous check is run 2302 when the function is called. 2303 2304 =item Malformed UTF-8 character (%s) 2305 2306 (S utf8) (F) Perl detected a string that didn't comply with UTF-8 2307 encoding rules, even though it had the UTF8 flag on. 2308 2309 One possible cause is that you set the UTF8 flag yourself for data that 2310 you thought to be in UTF-8 but it wasn't (it was for example legacy 2311 8-bit data). To guard against this, you can use Encode::decode_utf8. 2312 2313 If you use the C<:encoding(UTF-8)> PerlIO layer for input, invalid byte 2314 sequences are handled gracefully, but if you use C<:utf8>, the flag is 2315 set without validating the data, possibly resulting in this error 2316 message. 2317 2318 See also L<Encode/"Handling Malformed Data">. 2319 2320 =item Malformed UTF-16 surrogate 2321 2322 Perl thought it was reading UTF-16 encoded character data but while 2323 doing it Perl met a malformed Unicode surrogate. 2324 2325 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in pack 2326 2327 (F) You tried to pack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding 2328 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. 2329 2330 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in unpack 2331 2332 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding 2333 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. 2334 2335 =item Malformed UTF-8 string in '%c' format in unpack 2336 2337 (F) You tried to unpack something that didn't comply with UTF-8 encoding 2338 rules and perl was unable to guess how to make more progress. 2339 2340 =item Maximal count of pending signals (%s) exceeded 2341 2342 (F) Perl aborted due to a too important number of signals pending. This 2343 usually indicates that your operating system tried to deliver signals 2344 too fast (with a very high priority), starving the perl process from 2345 resources it would need to reach a point where it can process signals 2346 safely. (See L<perlipc/"Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)">.) 2347 2348 =item %s matches null string many times in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 2349 2350 (W regexp) The pattern you've specified would be an infinite loop if the 2351 regular expression engine didn't specifically check for that. The <-- HERE 2352 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. 2353 See L<perlre>. 2354 2355 =item "%s" may clash with future reserved word 2356 2357 (W) This warning may be due to running a perl5 script through a perl4 2358 interpreter, especially if the word that is being warned about is 2359 "use" or "my". 2360 2361 =item % may not be used in pack 2362 2363 (F) You can't pack a string by supplying a checksum, because the 2364 checksumming process loses information, and you can't go the other way. 2365 See L<perlfunc/unpack>. 2366 2367 =item Method for operation %s not found in package %s during blessing 2368 2369 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that 2370 doesn't resolve to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. 2371 2372 =item Method %s not permitted 2373 2374 See Server error. 2375 2376 =item Might be a runaway multi-line %s string starting on line %d 2377 2378 (S) An advisory indicating that the previous error may have been caused 2379 by a missing delimiter on a string or pattern, because it eventually 2380 ended earlier on the current line. 2381 2382 =item Misplaced _ in number 2383 2384 (W syntax) An underscore (underbar) in a numeric constant did not 2385 separate two digits. 2386 2387 =item Missing argument to -%c 2388 2389 (F) The argument to the indicated command line switch must follow 2390 immediately after the switch, without intervening spaces. 2391 2392 =item Missing %sbrace%s on \N{} 2393 2394 (F) Wrong syntax of character name literal C<\N{charname}> within 2395 double-quotish context. 2396 2397 =item Missing comma after first argument to %s function 2398 2399 (F) While certain functions allow you to specify a filehandle or an 2400 "indirect object" before the argument list, this ain't one of them. 2401 2402 =item Missing command in piped open 2403 2404 (W pipe) You used the C<open(FH, "| command")> or 2405 C<open(FH, "command |")> construction, but the command was missing or 2406 blank. 2407 2408 =item Missing control char name in \c 2409 2410 (F) A double-quoted string ended with "\c", without the required control 2411 character name. 2412 2413 =item Missing name in "my sub" 2414 2415 (F) The reserved syntax for lexically scoped subroutines requires that 2416 they have a name with which they can be found. 2417 2418 =item Missing $ on loop variable 2419 2420 (F) Apparently you've been programming in B<csh> too much. Variables 2421 are always mentioned with the $ in Perl, unlike in the shells, where it 2422 can vary from one line to the next. 2423 2424 =item (Missing operator before %s?) 2425 2426 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message 2427 "%s found where operator expected". Often the missing operator is a comma. 2428 2429 =item Missing right brace on %s 2430 2431 (F) Missing right brace in C<\p{...}> or C<\P{...}>. 2432 2433 =item Missing right curly or square bracket 2434 2435 (F) The lexer counted more opening curly or square brackets than closing 2436 ones. As a general rule, you'll find it's missing near the place you 2437 were last editing. 2438 2439 =item (Missing semicolon on previous line?) 2440 2441 (S syntax) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message 2442 "%s found where operator expected". Don't automatically put a semicolon on 2443 the previous line just because you saw this message. 2444 2445 =item Modification of a read-only value attempted 2446 2447 (F) You tried, directly or indirectly, to change the value of a 2448 constant. You didn't, of course, try "2 = 1", because the compiler 2449 catches that. But an easy way to do the same thing is: 2450 2451 sub mod { $_[0] = 1 } 2452 mod(2); 2453 2454 Another way is to assign to a substr() that's off the end of the string. 2455 2456 Yet another way is to assign to a C<foreach> loop I<VAR> when I<VAR> 2457 is aliased to a constant in the look I<LIST>: 2458 2459 $x = 1; 2460 foreach my $n ($x, 2) { 2461 $n *= 2; # modifies the $x, but fails on attempt to modify the 2 2462 } 2463 2464 =item Modification of non-creatable array value attempted, %s 2465 2466 (F) You tried to make an array value spring into existence, and the 2467 subscript was probably negative, even counting from end of the array 2468 backwards. 2469 2470 =item Modification of non-creatable hash value attempted, %s 2471 2472 (P) You tried to make a hash value spring into existence, and it 2473 couldn't be created for some peculiar reason. 2474 2475 =item Module name must be constant 2476 2477 (F) Only a bare module name is allowed as the first argument to a "use". 2478 2479 =item Module name required with -%c option 2480 2481 (F) The C<-M> or C<-m> options say that Perl should load some module, but 2482 you omitted the name of the module. Consult L<perlrun> for full details 2483 about C<-M> and C<-m>. 2484 2485 =item More than one argument to open 2486 2487 (F) The C<open> function has been asked to open multiple files. This 2488 can happen if you are trying to open a pipe to a command that takes a 2489 list of arguments, but have forgotten to specify a piped open mode. 2490 See L<perlfunc/open> for details. 2491 2492 =item msg%s not implemented 2493 2494 (F) You don't have System V message IPC on your system. 2495 2496 =item Multidimensional syntax %s not supported 2497 2498 (W syntax) Multidimensional arrays aren't written like C<$foo[1,2,3]>. 2499 They're written like C<$foo[1][2][3]>, as in C. 2500 2501 =item '/' must follow a numeric type in unpack 2502 2503 (F) You had an unpack template that contained a '/', but this did not 2504 follow some unpack specification producing a numeric value. 2505 See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2506 2507 =item "my sub" not yet implemented 2508 2509 (F) Lexically scoped subroutines are not yet implemented. Don't try 2510 that yet. 2511 2512 =item "%s" variable %s can't be in a package 2513 2514 (F) Lexically scoped variables aren't in a package, so it doesn't make 2515 sense to try to declare one with a package qualifier on the front. Use 2516 local() if you want to localize a package variable. 2517 2518 =item Name "%s::%s" used only once: possible typo 2519 2520 (W once) Typographical errors often show up as unique variable names. 2521 If you had a good reason for having a unique name, then just mention it 2522 again somehow to suppress the message. The C<our> declaration is 2523 provided for this purpose. 2524 2525 NOTE: This warning detects symbols that have been used only once so $c, @c, 2526 %c, *c, &c, sub c{}, c(), and c (the filehandle or format) are considered 2527 the same; if a program uses $c only once but also uses any of the others it 2528 will not trigger this warning. 2529 2530 =item Negative '/' count in unpack 2531 2532 (F) The length count obtained from a length/code unpack operation was 2533 negative. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2534 2535 =item Negative length 2536 2537 (F) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv operation with a buffer 2538 length that is less than 0. This is difficult to imagine. 2539 2540 =item Negative offset to vec in lvalue context 2541 2542 (F) When C<vec> is called in an lvalue context, the second argument must be 2543 greater than or equal to zero. 2544 2545 =item Nested quantifiers in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 2546 2547 (F) You can't quantify a quantifier without intervening parentheses. So 2548 things like ** or +* or ?* are illegal. The <-- HERE shows in the regular 2549 expression about where the problem was discovered. 2550 2551 Note that the minimal matching quantifiers, C<*?>, C<+?>, and 2552 C<??> appear to be nested quantifiers, but aren't. See L<perlre>. 2553 2554 =item %s never introduced 2555 2556 (S internal) The symbol in question was declared but somehow went out of 2557 scope before it could possibly have been used. 2558 2559 =item next::method/next::can/maybe::next::method cannot find enclosing method 2560 2561 (F) C<next::method> needs to be called within the context of a 2562 real method in a real package, and it could not find such a context. 2563 See L<mro>. 2564 2565 =item No %s allowed while running setuid 2566 2567 (F) Certain operations are deemed to be too insecure for a setuid or 2568 setgid script to even be allowed to attempt. Generally speaking there 2569 will be another way to do what you want that is, if not secure, at least 2570 securable. See L<perlsec>. 2571 2572 =item No comma allowed after %s 2573 2574 (F) A list operator that has a filehandle or "indirect object" is not 2575 allowed to have a comma between that and the following arguments. 2576 Otherwise it'd be just another one of the arguments. 2577 2578 One possible cause for this is that you expected to have imported a 2579 constant to your name space with B<use> or B<import> while no such 2580 importing took place, it may for example be that your operating system 2581 does not support that particular constant. Hopefully you did use an 2582 explicit import list for the constants you expect to see, please see 2583 L<perlfunc/use> and L<perlfunc/import>. While an explicit import list 2584 would probably have caught this error earlier it naturally does not 2585 remedy the fact that your operating system still does not support that 2586 constant. Maybe you have a typo in the constants of the symbol import 2587 list of B<use> or B<import> or in the constant name at the line where 2588 this error was triggered? 2589 2590 =item No command into which to pipe on command line 2591 2592 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line 2593 redirection, and found a '|' at the end of the command line, so it 2594 doesn't know where you want to pipe the output from this command. 2595 2596 =item No DB::DB routine defined 2597 2598 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but 2599 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> 2600 module) didn't define a routine to be called at the beginning of each 2601 statement. 2602 2603 =item No dbm on this machine 2604 2605 (P) This is counted as an internal error, because every machine should 2606 supply dbm nowadays, because Perl comes with SDBM. See L<SDBM_File>. 2607 2608 =item No DB::sub routine defined 2609 2610 (F) The currently executing code was compiled with the B<-d> switch, but 2611 for some reason the current debugger (e.g. F<perl5db.pl> or a C<Devel::> 2612 module) didn't define a C<DB::sub> routine to be called at the beginning 2613 of each ordinary subroutine call. 2614 2615 =item No B<-e> allowed in setuid scripts 2616 2617 (F) A setuid script can't be specified by the user. 2618 2619 =item No error file after 2> or 2>> on command line 2620 2621 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line 2622 redirection, and found a '2>' or a '2>>' on the command line, but can't 2623 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stderr. 2624 2625 =item No group ending character '%c' found in template 2626 2627 (F) A pack or unpack template has an opening '(' or '[' without its 2628 matching counterpart. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2629 2630 =item No input file after < on command line 2631 2632 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line 2633 redirection, and found a '<' on the command line, but can't find the 2634 name of the file from which to read data for stdin. 2635 2636 =item No #! line 2637 2638 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line 2639 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. 2640 2641 =item No next::method '%s' found for %s 2642 2643 (F) C<next::method> found no further instances of this method name 2644 in the remaining packages of the MRO of this class. If you don't want 2645 it throwing an exception, use C<maybe::next::method> 2646 or C<next::can>. See L<mro>. 2647 2648 =item "no" not allowed in expression 2649 2650 (F) The "no" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and 2651 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. 2652 2653 =item No output file after > on command line 2654 2655 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line 2656 redirection, and found a lone '>' at the end of the command line, so it 2657 doesn't know where you wanted to redirect stdout. 2658 2659 =item No output file after > or >> on command line 2660 2661 (F) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl handles its own command line 2662 redirection, and found a '>' or a '>>' on the command line, but can't 2663 find the name of the file to which to write data destined for stdout. 2664 2665 =item No package name allowed for variable %s in "our" 2666 2667 (F) Fully qualified variable names are not allowed in "our" 2668 declarations, because that doesn't make much sense under existing 2669 semantics. Such syntax is reserved for future extensions. 2670 2671 =item No Perl script found in input 2672 2673 (F) You called C<perl -x>, but no line was found in the file beginning 2674 with #! and containing the word "perl". 2675 2676 =item No setregid available 2677 2678 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setregid() call for 2679 your system. 2680 2681 =item No setreuid available 2682 2683 (F) Configure didn't find anything resembling the setreuid() call for 2684 your system. 2685 2686 =item No %s specified for -%c 2687 2688 (F) The indicated command line switch needs a mandatory argument, but 2689 you haven't specified one. 2690 2691 =item No such class field "%s" in variable %s of type %s 2692 2693 (F) You tried to access a key from a hash through the indicated typed variable 2694 but that key is not allowed by the package of the same type. The indicated 2695 package has restricted the set of allowed keys using the L<fields> pragma. 2696 2697 =item No such class %s 2698 2699 (F) You provided a class qualifier in a "my", "our" or "state" declaration, but 2700 this class doesn't exist at this point in your program. 2701 2702 =item No such pipe open 2703 2704 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. The internal routine my_pclose() tried to 2705 close a pipe which hadn't been opened. This should have been caught 2706 earlier as an attempt to close an unopened filehandle. 2707 2708 =item No such signal: SIG%s 2709 2710 (W signal) You specified a signal name as a subscript to %SIG that was 2711 not recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal 2712 names on your system. 2713 2714 =item Not a CODE reference 2715 2716 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a 2717 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can 2718 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See 2719 also L<perlref>. 2720 2721 =item Not a format reference 2722 2723 (F) I'm not sure how you managed to generate a reference to an anonymous 2724 format, but this indicates you did, and that it didn't exist. 2725 2726 =item Not a GLOB reference 2727 2728 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a "typeglob" (that is, a 2729 symbol table entry that looks like C<*foo>), but found a reference to 2730 something else instead. You can use the ref() function to find out what 2731 kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. 2732 2733 =item Not a HASH reference 2734 2735 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a hash value, but found a 2736 reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function to 2737 find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. 2738 2739 =item Not an ARRAY reference 2740 2741 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to an array value, but found 2742 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function 2743 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. 2744 2745 =item Not a perl script 2746 2747 (F) The setuid emulator requires that scripts have a well-formed #! line 2748 even on machines that don't support the #! construct. The line must 2749 mention perl. 2750 2751 =item Not a SCALAR reference 2752 2753 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a scalar value, but found 2754 a reference to something else instead. You can use the ref() function 2755 to find out what kind of ref it really was. See L<perlref>. 2756 2757 =item Not a subroutine reference 2758 2759 (F) Perl was trying to evaluate a reference to a code value (that is, a 2760 subroutine), but found a reference to something else instead. You can 2761 use the ref() function to find out what kind of ref it really was. See 2762 also L<perlref>. 2763 2764 =item Not a subroutine reference in overload table 2765 2766 (F) An attempt was made to specify an entry in an overloading table that 2767 doesn't somehow point to a valid subroutine. See L<overload>. 2768 2769 =item Not enough arguments for %s 2770 2771 (F) The function requires more arguments than you specified. 2772 2773 =item Not enough format arguments 2774 2775 (W syntax) A format specified more picture fields than the next line 2776 supplied. See L<perlform>. 2777 2778 =item %s: not found 2779 2780 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead 2781 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl 2782 yourself. 2783 2784 =item no UTC offset information; assuming local time is UTC 2785 2786 (S) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl was unable to find the local 2787 timezone offset, so it's assuming that local system time is equivalent 2788 to UTC. If it's not, define the logical name 2789 F<SYS$TIMEZONE_DIFFERENTIAL> to translate to the number of seconds which 2790 need to be added to UTC to get local time. 2791 2792 =item Non-string passed as bitmask 2793 2794 (W misc) A number has been passed as a bitmask argument to select(). 2795 Use the vec() function to construct the file descriptor bitmasks for 2796 select. See L<perlfunc/select> 2797 2798 =item Null filename used 2799 2800 (F) You can't require the null filename, especially because on many 2801 machines that means the current directory! See L<perlfunc/require>. 2802 2803 =item NULL OP IN RUN 2804 2805 (P debugging) Some internal routine called run() with a null opcode 2806 pointer. 2807 2808 =item Null picture in formline 2809 2810 (F) The first argument to formline must be a valid format picture 2811 specification. It was found to be empty, which probably means you 2812 supplied it an uninitialized value. See L<perlform>. 2813 2814 =item Null realloc 2815 2816 (P) An attempt was made to realloc NULL. 2817 2818 =item NULL regexp argument 2819 2820 (P) The internal pattern matching routines blew it big time. 2821 2822 =item NULL regexp parameter 2823 2824 (P) The internal pattern matching routines are out of their gourd. 2825 2826 =item Number too long 2827 2828 (F) Perl limits the representation of decimal numbers in programs to 2829 about 250 characters. You've exceeded that length. Future 2830 versions of Perl are likely to eliminate this arbitrary limitation. In 2831 the meantime, try using scientific notation (e.g. "1e6" instead of 2832 "1_000_000"). 2833 2834 =item Octal number in vector unsupported 2835 2836 (F) Numbers with a leading C<0> are not currently allowed in vectors. 2837 The octal number interpretation of such numbers may be supported in a 2838 future version. 2839 2840 =item Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable 2841 2842 (W portable) The octal number you specified is larger than 2**32-1 2843 (4294967295) and therefore non-portable between systems. See 2844 L<perlport> for more on portability concerns. 2845 2846 See also L<perlport> for writing portable code. 2847 2848 =item Odd number of arguments for overload::constant 2849 2850 (W overload) The call to overload::constant contained an odd number of 2851 arguments. The arguments should come in pairs. 2852 2853 =item Odd number of elements in anonymous hash 2854 2855 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, 2856 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. 2857 2858 =item Odd number of elements in hash assignment 2859 2860 (W misc) You specified an odd number of elements to initialize a hash, 2861 which is odd, because hashes come in key/value pairs. 2862 2863 =item Offset outside string 2864 2865 (F, W layer) You tried to do a read/write/send/recv/seek operation 2866 with an offset pointing outside the buffer. This is difficult to 2867 imagine. The sole exceptions to this are that zero padding will 2868 take place when going past the end of the string when either 2869 C<sysread()>ing a file, or when seeking past the end of a scalar opened 2870 for I/O (in anticipation of future reads and to imitate the behaviour 2871 with real files). 2872 2873 =item %s() on unopened %s 2874 2875 (W unopened) An I/O operation was attempted on a filehandle that was 2876 never initialized. You need to do an open(), a sysopen(), or a socket() 2877 call, or call a constructor from the FileHandle package. 2878 2879 =item -%s on unopened filehandle %s 2880 2881 (W unopened) You tried to invoke a file test operator on a filehandle 2882 that isn't open. Check your control flow. See also L<perlfunc/-X>. 2883 2884 =item oops: oopsAV 2885 2886 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. 2887 2888 =item oops: oopsHV 2889 2890 (S internal) An internal warning that the grammar is screwed up. 2891 2892 =item Opening dirhandle %s also as a file 2893 2894 (W io deprecated) You used open() to associate a filehandle to 2895 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a dirhandle. 2896 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing 2897 and is deprecated. 2898 2899 =item Opening filehandle %s also as a directory 2900 2901 (W io deprecated) You used opendir() to associate a dirhandle to 2902 a symbol (glob or scalar) that already holds a filehandle. 2903 Although legal, this idiom might render your code confusing 2904 and is deprecated. 2905 2906 =item Operation "%s": no method found, %s 2907 2908 (F) An attempt was made to perform an overloaded operation for which no 2909 handler was defined. While some handlers can be autogenerated in terms 2910 of other handlers, there is no default handler for any operation, unless 2911 C<fallback> overloading key is specified to be true. See L<overload>. 2912 2913 =item Operator or semicolon missing before %s 2914 2915 (S ambiguous) You used a variable or subroutine call where the parser 2916 was expecting an operator. The parser has assumed you really meant to 2917 use an operator, but this is highly likely to be incorrect. For 2918 example, if you say "*foo *foo" it will be interpreted as if you said 2919 "*foo * 'foo'". 2920 2921 =item "our" variable %s redeclared 2922 2923 (W misc) You seem to have already declared the same global once before 2924 in the current lexical scope. 2925 2926 =item Out of memory! 2927 2928 (X) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient 2929 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. Perl has 2930 no option but to exit immediately. 2931 2932 At least in Unix you may be able to get past this by increasing your 2933 process datasize limits: in csh/tcsh use C<limit> and 2934 C<limit datasize n> (where C<n> is the number of kilobytes) to check 2935 the current limits and change them, and in ksh/bash/zsh use C<ulimit -a> 2936 and C<ulimit -d n>, respectively. 2937 2938 =item Out of memory during %s extend 2939 2940 (X) An attempt was made to extend an array, a list, or a string beyond 2941 the largest possible memory allocation. 2942 2943 =item Out of memory during "large" request for %s 2944 2945 (F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was insufficient 2946 remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the request. However, 2947 the request was judged large enough (compile-time default is 64K), so a 2948 possibility to shut down by trapping this error is granted. 2949 2950 =item Out of memory during request for %s 2951 2952 (X|F) The malloc() function returned 0, indicating there was 2953 insufficient remaining memory (or virtual memory) to satisfy the 2954 request. 2955 2956 The request was judged to be small, so the possibility to trap it 2957 depends on the way perl was compiled. By default it is not trappable. 2958 However, if compiled for this, Perl may use the contents of C<$^M> as an 2959 emergency pool after die()ing with this message. In this case the error 2960 is trappable I<once>, and the error message will include the line and file 2961 where the failed request happened. 2962 2963 =item Out of memory during ridiculously large request 2964 2965 (F) You can't allocate more than 2^31+"small amount" bytes. This error 2966 is most likely to be caused by a typo in the Perl program. e.g., 2967 C<$arr[time]> instead of C<$arr[$time]>. 2968 2969 =item Out of memory for yacc stack 2970 2971 (F) The yacc parser wanted to grow its stack so it could continue 2972 parsing, but realloc() wouldn't give it more memory, virtual or 2973 otherwise. 2974 2975 =item '.' outside of string in pack 2976 2977 (F) The argument to a '.' in your template tried to move the working 2978 position to before the start of the packed string being built. 2979 2980 =item '@' outside of string in unpack 2981 2982 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside 2983 the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2984 2985 =item '@' outside of string with malformed UTF-8 in unpack 2986 2987 (F) You had a template that specified an absolute position outside 2988 the string being unpacked. The string being unpacked was also invalid 2989 UTF-8. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 2990 2991 =item %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word: %s 2992 2993 (W reserved) A lowercase attribute name was used that had a 2994 package-specific handler. That name might have a meaning to Perl itself 2995 some day, even though it doesn't yet. Perhaps you should use a 2996 mixed-case attribute name, instead. See L<attributes>. 2997 2998 =item pack/unpack repeat count overflow 2999 3000 (F) You can't specify a repeat count so large that it overflows your 3001 signed integers. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 3002 3003 =item page overflow 3004 3005 (W io) A single call to write() produced more lines than can fit on a 3006 page. See L<perlform>. 3007 3008 =item panic: %s 3009 3010 (P) An internal error. 3011 3012 =item panic: attempt to call %s in %s 3013 3014 (P) One of the file test operators entered a code branch that calls 3015 an ACL related-function, but that function is not available on this 3016 platform. Earlier checks mean that it should not be possible to 3017 enter this branch on this platform. 3018 3019 =item panic: ck_grep 3020 3021 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a grep. 3022 3023 =item panic: ck_split 3024 3025 (P) Failed an internal consistency check trying to compile a split. 3026 3027 =item panic: corrupt saved stack index 3028 3029 (P) The savestack was requested to restore more localized values than 3030 there are in the savestack. 3031 3032 =item panic: del_backref 3033 3034 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset a weak 3035 reference. 3036 3037 =item panic: Devel::DProf inconsistent subroutine return 3038 3039 (P) Devel::DProf called a subroutine that exited using goto(LABEL), 3040 last(LABEL) or next(LABEL). Leaving that way a subroutine called from 3041 an XSUB will lead very probably to a crash of the interpreter. This is 3042 a bug that will hopefully one day get fixed. 3043 3044 =item panic: die %s 3045 3046 (P) We popped the context stack to an eval context, and then discovered 3047 it wasn't an eval context. 3048 3049 =item panic: do_subst 3050 3051 (P) The internal pp_subst() routine was called with invalid operational 3052 data. 3053 3054 =item panic: do_trans_%s 3055 3056 (P) The internal do_trans routines were called with invalid operational 3057 data. 3058 3059 =item panic: fold_constants JMPENV_PUSH returned %d 3060 3061 (P) While attempting folding constants an exception other than an C<eval> 3062 failure was caught. 3063 3064 =item panic: frexp 3065 3066 (P) The library function frexp() failed, making printf("%f") impossible. 3067 3068 =item panic: goto 3069 3070 (P) We popped the context stack to a context with the specified label, 3071 and then discovered it wasn't a context we know how to do a goto in. 3072 3073 =item panic: hfreeentries failed to free hash 3074 3075 (P) The internal routine used to clear a hashes entries tried repeatedly, 3076 but each time something added more entries to the hash. Most likely the hash 3077 contains an object with a reference back to the hash and a destructor that 3078 adds a new object to the hash. 3079 3080 =item panic: INTERPCASEMOD 3081 3082 (P) The lexer got into a bad state at a case modifier. 3083 3084 =item panic: INTERPCONCAT 3085 3086 (P) The lexer got into a bad state parsing a string with brackets. 3087 3088 =item panic: kid popen errno read 3089 3090 (F) forked child returned an incomprehensible message about its errno. 3091 3092 =item panic: last 3093 3094 (P) We popped the context stack to a block context, and then discovered 3095 it wasn't a block context. 3096 3097 =item panic: leave_scope clearsv 3098 3099 (P) A writable lexical variable became read-only somehow within the 3100 scope. 3101 3102 =item panic: leave_scope inconsistency 3103 3104 (P) The savestack probably got out of sync. At least, there was an 3105 invalid enum on the top of it. 3106 3107 =item panic: magic_killbackrefs 3108 3109 (P) Failed an internal consistency check while trying to reset all weak 3110 references to an object. 3111 3112 =item panic: malloc 3113 3114 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of malloc. 3115 3116 =item panic: memory wrap 3117 3118 (P) Something tried to allocate more memory than possible. 3119 3120 =item panic: pad_alloc 3121 3122 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating 3123 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. 3124 3125 =item panic: pad_free curpad 3126 3127 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating 3128 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. 3129 3130 =item panic: pad_free po 3131 3132 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. 3133 3134 =item panic: pad_reset curpad 3135 3136 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating 3137 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. 3138 3139 =item panic: pad_sv po 3140 3141 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. 3142 3143 =item panic: pad_swipe curpad 3144 3145 (P) The compiler got confused about which scratch pad it was allocating 3146 and freeing temporaries and lexicals from. 3147 3148 =item panic: pad_swipe po 3149 3150 (P) An invalid scratch pad offset was detected internally. 3151 3152 =item panic: pp_iter 3153 3154 (P) The foreach iterator got called in a non-loop context frame. 3155 3156 =item panic: pp_match%s 3157 3158 (P) The internal pp_match() routine was called with invalid operational 3159 data. 3160 3161 =item panic: pp_split 3162 3163 (P) Something terrible went wrong in setting up for the split. 3164 3165 =item panic: realloc 3166 3167 (P) Something requested a negative number of bytes of realloc. 3168 3169 =item panic: restartop 3170 3171 (P) Some internal routine requested a goto (or something like it), and 3172 didn't supply the destination. 3173 3174 =item panic: return 3175 3176 (P) We popped the context stack to a subroutine or eval context, and 3177 then discovered it wasn't a subroutine or eval context. 3178 3179 =item panic: scan_num 3180 3181 (P) scan_num() got called on something that wasn't a number. 3182 3183 =item panic: sv_insert 3184 3185 (P) The sv_insert() routine was told to remove more string than there 3186 was string. 3187 3188 =item panic: top_env 3189 3190 (P) The compiler attempted to do a goto, or something weird like that. 3191 3192 =item panic: unimplemented op %s (#%d) called 3193 3194 (P) The compiler is screwed up and attempted to use an op that isn't permitted 3195 at run time. 3196 3197 =item panic: utf16_to_utf8: odd bytelen 3198 3199 (P) Something tried to call utf16_to_utf8 with an odd (as opposed 3200 to even) byte length. 3201 3202 =item panic: yylex 3203 3204 (P) The lexer got into a bad state while processing a case modifier. 3205 3206 =item Pattern subroutine nesting without pos change exceeded limit in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3207 3208 (F) You used a pattern that uses too many nested subpattern calls without 3209 consuming any text. Restructure the pattern so text is consumed before the 3210 nesting limit is exceeded. 3211 3212 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 3213 discovered. 3214 3215 =item Parentheses missing around "%s" list 3216 3217 (W parenthesis) You said something like 3218 3219 my $foo, $bar = @_; 3220 3221 when you meant 3222 3223 my ($foo, $bar) = @_; 3224 3225 Remember that "my", "our", "local" and "state" bind tighter than comma. 3226 3227 =item C<-p> destination: %s 3228 3229 (F) An error occurred during the implicit output invoked by the C<-p> 3230 command-line switch. (This output goes to STDOUT unless you've 3231 redirected it with select().) 3232 3233 =item (perhaps you forgot to load "%s"?) 3234 3235 (F) This is an educated guess made in conjunction with the message 3236 "Can't locate object method \"%s\" via package \"%s\"". It often means 3237 that a method requires a package that has not been loaded. 3238 3239 =item Perl_my_%s() not available 3240 3241 (F) Your platform has very uncommon byte-order and integer size, 3242 so it was not possible to set up some or all fixed-width byte-order 3243 conversion functions. This is only a problem when you're using the 3244 '<' or '>' modifiers in (un)pack templates. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 3245 3246 =item Perl %s required--this is only version %s, stopped 3247 3248 (F) The module in question uses features of a version of Perl more 3249 recent than the currently running version. How long has it been since 3250 you upgraded, anyway? See L<perlfunc/require>. 3251 3252 =item PERL_SH_DIR too long 3253 3254 (F) An error peculiar to OS/2. PERL_SH_DIR is the directory to find the 3255 C<sh>-shell in. See "PERL_SH_DIR" in L<perlos2>. 3256 3257 =item PERL_SIGNALS illegal: "%s" 3258 3259 See L<perlrun/PERL_SIGNALS> for legal values. 3260 3261 =item perl: warning: Setting locale failed. 3262 3263 (S) The whole warning message will look something like: 3264 3265 perl: warning: Setting locale failed. 3266 perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: 3267 LC_ALL = "En_US", 3268 LANG = (unset) 3269 are supported and installed on your system. 3270 perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). 3271 3272 Exactly what were the failed locale settings varies. In the above the 3273 settings were that the LC_ALL was "En_US" and the LANG had no value. 3274 This error means that Perl detected that you and/or your operating 3275 system supplier and/or system administrator have set up the so-called 3276 locale system but Perl could not use those settings. This was not 3277 dead serious, fortunately: there is a "default locale" called "C" that 3278 Perl can and will use, the script will be run. Before you really fix 3279 the problem, however, you will get the same error message each time 3280 you run Perl. How to really fix the problem can be found in 3281 L<perllocale> section B<LOCALE PROBLEMS>. 3282 3283 =item Permission denied 3284 3285 (F) The setuid emulator in suidperl decided you were up to no good. 3286 3287 =item pid %x not a child 3288 3289 (W exec) A warning peculiar to VMS. Waitpid() was asked to wait for a 3290 process which isn't a subprocess of the current process. While this is 3291 fine from VMS' perspective, it's probably not what you intended. 3292 3293 =item 'P' must have an explicit size in unpack 3294 3295 (F) The unpack format P must have an explicit size, not "*". 3296 3297 =item B<-P> not allowed for setuid/setgid script 3298 3299 (F) The script would have to be opened by the C preprocessor by name, 3300 which provides a race condition that breaks security. 3301 3302 =item POSIX class [:%s:] unknown in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3303 3304 (F) The class in the character class [: :] syntax is unknown. The <-- HERE 3305 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. 3306 Note that the POSIX character classes do B<not> have the C<is> prefix 3307 the corresponding C interfaces have: in other words, it's C<[[:print:]]>, 3308 not C<isprint>. See L<perlre>. 3309 3310 =item POSIX getpgrp can't take an argument 3311 3312 (F) Your system has POSIX getpgrp(), which takes no argument, unlike 3313 the BSD version, which takes a pid. 3314 3315 =item POSIX syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3316 3317 (W regexp) The character class constructs [: :], [= =], and [. .] go 3318 I<inside> character classes, the [] are part of the construct, for example: 3319 /[012[:alpha:]345]/. Note that [= =] and [. .] are not currently 3320 implemented; they are simply placeholders for future extensions and will 3321 cause fatal errors. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about 3322 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 3323 3324 =item POSIX syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3325 3326 (F regexp) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax 3327 beginning with "[." and ending with ".]" is reserved for future extensions. 3328 If you need to represent those character sequences inside a regular 3329 expression character class, just quote the square brackets with the 3330 backslash: "\[." and ".\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression 3331 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 3332 3333 =item POSIX syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3334 3335 (F) Within regular expression character classes ([]) the syntax beginning 3336 with "[=" and ending with "=]" is reserved for future extensions. If you 3337 need to represent those character sequences inside a regular expression 3338 character class, just quote the square brackets with the backslash: "\[=" 3339 and "=\]". The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the 3340 problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 3341 3342 =item Possible attempt to put comments in qw() list 3343 3344 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; as with literal 3345 strings, comment characters are not ignored, but are instead treated as 3346 literal data. (You may have used different delimiters than the 3347 parentheses shown here; braces are also frequently used.) 3348 3349 You probably wrote something like this: 3350 3351 @list = qw( 3352 a # a comment 3353 b # another comment 3354 ); 3355 3356 when you should have written this: 3357 3358 @list = qw( 3359 a 3360 b 3361 ); 3362 3363 If you really want comments, build your list the 3364 old-fashioned way, with quotes and commas: 3365 3366 @list = ( 3367 'a', # a comment 3368 'b', # another comment 3369 ); 3370 3371 =item Possible attempt to separate words with commas 3372 3373 (W qw) qw() lists contain items separated by whitespace; therefore 3374 commas aren't needed to separate the items. (You may have used 3375 different delimiters than the parentheses shown here; braces are also 3376 frequently used.) 3377 3378 You probably wrote something like this: 3379 3380 qw! a, b, c !; 3381 3382 which puts literal commas into some of the list items. Write it without 3383 commas if you don't want them to appear in your data: 3384 3385 qw! a b c !; 3386 3387 =item Possible memory corruption: %s overflowed 3rd argument 3388 3389 (F) An ioctl() or fcntl() returned more than Perl was bargaining for. 3390 Perl guesses a reasonable buffer size, but puts a sentinel byte at the 3391 end of the buffer just in case. This sentinel byte got clobbered, and 3392 Perl assumes that memory is now corrupted. See L<perlfunc/ioctl>. 3393 3394 =item Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator 3395 3396 (W precedence) Your program uses a bitwise logical operator in conjunction 3397 with a numeric comparison operator, like this : 3398 3399 if ($x & $y == 0) { ... } 3400 3401 This expression is actually equivalent to C<$x & ($y == 0)>, due to the 3402 higher precedence of C<==>. This is probably not what you want. (If you 3403 really meant to write this, disable the warning, or, better, put the 3404 parentheses explicitly and write C<$x & ($y == 0)>). 3405 3406 =item Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string 3407 3408 (W ambiguous) You said something like `@foo' in a double-quoted string 3409 but there was no array C<@foo> in scope at the time. If you wanted a 3410 literal @foo, then write it as \@foo; otherwise find out what happened 3411 to the array you apparently lost track of. 3412 3413 =item pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS" instead 3414 3415 (D deprecated) You have written something like this: 3416 3417 sub doit 3418 { 3419 use attrs qw(locked); 3420 } 3421 3422 You should use the new declaration syntax instead. 3423 3424 sub doit : locked 3425 { 3426 ... 3427 3428 The C<use attrs> pragma is now obsolete, and is only provided for 3429 backward-compatibility. See L<perlsub/"Subroutine Attributes">. 3430 3431 =item Precedence problem: open %s should be open(%s) 3432 3433 (S precedence) The old irregular construct 3434 3435 open FOO || die; 3436 3437 is now misinterpreted as 3438 3439 open(FOO || die); 3440 3441 because of the strict regularization of Perl 5's grammar into unary and 3442 list operators. (The old open was a little of both.) You must put 3443 parentheses around the filehandle, or use the new "or" operator instead 3444 of "||". 3445 3446 =item Premature end of script headers 3447 3448 See Server error. 3449 3450 =item printf() on closed filehandle %s 3451 3452 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime 3453 before now. Check your control flow. 3454 3455 =item print() on closed filehandle %s 3456 3457 (W closed) The filehandle you're printing on got itself closed sometime 3458 before now. Check your control flow. 3459 3460 =item Process terminated by SIG%s 3461 3462 (W) This is a standard message issued by OS/2 applications, while *nix 3463 applications die in silence. It is considered a feature of the OS/2 3464 port. One can easily disable this by appropriate sighandlers, see 3465 L<perlipc/"Signals">. See also "Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT" 3466 in L<perlos2>. 3467 3468 =item Prototype mismatch: %s vs %s 3469 3470 (S prototype) The subroutine being declared or defined had previously been 3471 declared or defined with a different function prototype. 3472 3473 =item Prototype not terminated 3474 3475 (F) You've omitted the closing parenthesis in a function prototype 3476 definition. 3477 3478 =item Quantifier follows nothing in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3479 3480 (F) You started a regular expression with a quantifier. Backslash it if you 3481 meant it literally. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about 3482 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 3483 3484 =item Quantifier in {,} bigger than %d in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3485 3486 (F) There is currently a limit to the size of the min and max values of the 3487 {min,max} construct. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where 3488 the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 3489 3490 =item Quantifier unexpected on zero-length expression; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3491 3492 (W regexp) You applied a regular expression quantifier in a place where 3493 it makes no sense, such as on a zero-width assertion. Try putting the 3494 quantifier inside the assertion instead. For example, the way to match 3495 "abc" provided that it is followed by three repetitions of "xyz" is 3496 C</abc(?=(?:xyz){3})/>, not C</abc(?=xyz){3}/>. 3497 3498 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 3499 discovered. 3500 3501 =item Range iterator outside integer range 3502 3503 (F) One (or both) of the numeric arguments to the range operator ".." 3504 are outside the range which can be represented by integers internally. 3505 One possible workaround is to force Perl to use magical string increment 3506 by prepending "0" to your numbers. 3507 3508 =item readdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s 3509 3510 (W io) The dirhandle you're reading from is either closed or not really 3511 a dirhandle. Check your control flow. 3512 3513 =item readline() on closed filehandle %s 3514 3515 (W closed) The filehandle you're reading from got itself closed sometime 3516 before now. Check your control flow. 3517 3518 =item read() on closed filehandle %s 3519 3520 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. 3521 3522 =item read() on unopened filehandle %s 3523 3524 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. 3525 3526 =item Reallocation too large: %lx 3527 3528 (F) You can't allocate more than 64K on an MS-DOS machine. 3529 3530 =item realloc() of freed memory ignored 3531 3532 (S malloc) An internal routine called realloc() on something that had 3533 already been freed. 3534 3535 =item Recompile perl with B<-D>DEBUGGING to use B<-D> switch 3536 3537 (F debugging) You can't use the B<-D> option unless the code to produce 3538 the desired output is compiled into Perl, which entails some overhead, 3539 which is why it's currently left out of your copy. 3540 3541 =item Recursive inheritance detected in package '%s' 3542 3543 (F) While calculating the method resolution order (MRO) of a package, Perl 3544 believes it found an infinite loop in the C<@ISA> hierarchy. This is a 3545 crude check that bails out after 100 levels of C<@ISA> depth. 3546 3547 =item Recursive inheritance detected while looking for method %s 3548 3549 (F) More than 100 levels of inheritance were encountered while invoking 3550 a method. Probably indicates an unintended loop in your inheritance 3551 hierarchy. 3552 3553 =item Reference found where even-sized list expected 3554 3555 (W misc) You gave a single reference where Perl was expecting a list 3556 with an even number of elements (for assignment to a hash). This usually 3557 means that you used the anon hash constructor when you meant to use 3558 parens. In any case, a hash requires key/value B<pairs>. 3559 3560 %hash = { one => 1, two => 2, }; # WRONG 3561 %hash = [ qw/ an anon array / ]; # WRONG 3562 %hash = ( one => 1, two => 2, ); # right 3563 %hash = qw( one 1 two 2 ); # also fine 3564 3565 =item Reference is already weak 3566 3567 (W misc) You have attempted to weaken a reference that is already weak. 3568 Doing so has no effect. 3569 3570 =item Reference miscount in sv_replace() 3571 3572 (W internal) The internal sv_replace() function was handed a new SV with 3573 a reference count of other than 1. 3574 3575 =item Reference to invalid group 0 3576 3577 (F) You used C<\g0> or similar in a regular expression. You may refer to 3578 capturing parentheses only with strictly positive integers (normal 3579 backreferences) or with strictly negative integers (relative 3580 backreferences), but using 0 does not make sense. 3581 3582 =item Reference to nonexistent group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3583 3584 (F) You used something like C<\7> in your regular expression, but there are 3585 not at least seven sets of capturing parentheses in the expression. If you 3586 wanted to have the character with value 7 inserted into the regular expression, 3587 prepend a zero to make the number at least two digits: C<\07> 3588 3589 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 3590 discovered. 3591 3592 =item Reference to nonexistent or unclosed group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3593 3594 (F) You used something like C<\g{-7}> in your regular expression, but there are 3595 not at least seven sets of closed capturing parentheses in the expression before 3596 where the C<\g{-7}> was located. 3597 3598 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 3599 discovered. 3600 3601 =item Reference to nonexistent named group in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3602 3603 (F) You used something like C<\k'NAME'> or C<< \k<NAME> >> in your regular 3604 expression, but there is no corresponding named capturing parentheses such 3605 as C<(?'NAME'...)> or C<(?<NAME>...). Check if the name has been spelled 3606 correctly both in the backreference and the declaration. 3607 3608 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 3609 discovered. 3610 3611 =item (?(DEFINE)....) does not allow branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3612 3613 (F) You used something like C<(?(DEFINE)...|..)> which is illegal. The 3614 most likely cause of this error is that you left out a parenthesis inside 3615 of the C<....> part. 3616 3617 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 3618 discovered. 3619 3620 =item regexp memory corruption 3621 3622 (P) The regular expression engine got confused by what the regular 3623 expression compiler gave it. 3624 3625 =item Regexp out of space 3626 3627 (P) A "can't happen" error, because safemalloc() should have caught it 3628 earlier. 3629 3630 =item Repeated format line will never terminate (~~ and @# incompatible) 3631 3632 (F) Your format contains the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence and a 3633 numeric field that will never go blank so that the repetition never 3634 terminates. You might use ^# instead. See L<perlform>. 3635 3636 =item Reversed %s= operator 3637 3638 (W syntax) You wrote your assignment operator backwards. The = must 3639 always comes last, to avoid ambiguity with subsequent unary operators. 3640 3641 =item rewinddir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s 3642 3643 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to do a rewinddir() on is either closed or not 3644 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. 3645 3646 =item Runaway format 3647 3648 (F) Your format contained the ~~ repeat-until-blank sequence, but it 3649 produced 200 lines at once, and the 200th line looked exactly like the 3650 199th line. Apparently you didn't arrange for the arguments to exhaust 3651 themselves, either by using ^ instead of @ (for scalar variables), or by 3652 shifting or popping (for array variables). See L<perlform>. 3653 3654 =item Scalars leaked: %d 3655 3656 (P) Something went wrong in Perl's internal bookkeeping of scalars: 3657 not all scalar variables were deallocated by the time Perl exited. 3658 What this usually indicates is a memory leak, which is of course bad, 3659 especially if the Perl program is intended to be long-running. 3660 3661 =item Scalar value @%s[%s] better written as $%s[%s] 3662 3663 (W syntax) You've used an array slice (indicated by @) to select a 3664 single element of an array. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar 3665 value (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo[&bar]> always 3666 behaves like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its 3667 argument, while C<@foo[&bar]> behaves like a list when you assign to it, 3668 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things 3669 if you're expecting only one subscript. 3670 3671 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the array 3672 element as a list, you need to look into how references work, because 3673 Perl will not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See 3674 L<perlref>. 3675 3676 =item Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s} 3677 3678 (W syntax) You've used a hash slice (indicated by @) to select a single 3679 element of a hash. Generally it's better to ask for a scalar value 3680 (indicated by $). The difference is that C<$foo{&bar}> always behaves 3681 like a scalar, both when assigning to it and when evaluating its 3682 argument, while C<@foo{&bar}> behaves like a list when you assign to it, 3683 and provides a list context to its subscript, which can do weird things 3684 if you're expecting only one subscript. 3685 3686 On the other hand, if you were actually hoping to treat the hash element 3687 as a list, you need to look into how references work, because Perl will 3688 not magically convert between scalars and lists for you. See 3689 L<perlref>. 3690 3691 =item Script is not setuid/setgid in suidperl 3692 3693 (F) Oddly, the suidperl program was invoked on a script without a setuid 3694 or setgid bit set. This doesn't make much sense. 3695 3696 =item Search pattern not terminated 3697 3698 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a // or m{} 3699 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. 3700 Missing the leading C<$> from a variable C<$m> may cause this error. 3701 3702 Note that since Perl 5.9.0 a // can also be the I<defined-or> 3703 construct, not just the empty search pattern. Therefore code written 3704 in Perl 5.9.0 or later that uses the // as the I<defined-or> can be 3705 misparsed by pre-5.9.0 Perls as a non-terminated search pattern. 3706 3707 =item Search pattern not terminated or ternary operator parsed as search pattern 3708 3709 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a C<?PATTERN?> 3710 construct. 3711 3712 The question mark is also used as part of the ternary operator (as in 3713 C<foo ? 0 : 1>) leading to some ambiguous constructions being wrongly 3714 parsed. One way to disambiguate the parsing is to put parentheses around 3715 the conditional expression, i.e. C<(foo) ? 0 : 1>. 3716 3717 =item %sseek() on unopened filehandle 3718 3719 (W unopened) You tried to use the seek() or sysseek() function on a 3720 filehandle that was either never opened or has since been closed. 3721 3722 =item seekdir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s 3723 3724 (W io) The dirhandle you are doing a seekdir() on is either closed or not 3725 really a dirhandle. Check your control flow. 3726 3727 =item select not implemented 3728 3729 (F) This machine doesn't implement the select() system call. 3730 3731 =item Self-ties of arrays and hashes are not supported 3732 3733 (F) Self-ties are of arrays and hashes are not supported in 3734 the current implementation. 3735 3736 =item Semicolon seems to be missing 3737 3738 (W semicolon) A nearby syntax error was probably caused by a missing 3739 semicolon, or possibly some other missing operator, such as a comma. 3740 3741 =item semi-panic: attempt to dup freed string 3742 3743 (S internal) The internal newSVsv() routine was called to duplicate a 3744 scalar that had previously been marked as free. 3745 3746 =item sem%s not implemented 3747 3748 (F) You don't have System V semaphore IPC on your system. 3749 3750 =item send() on closed socket %s 3751 3752 (W closed) The socket you're sending to got itself closed sometime 3753 before now. Check your control flow. 3754 3755 =item Sequence (? incomplete in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3756 3757 (F) A regular expression ended with an incomplete extension (?. The <-- HERE 3758 shows in the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See 3759 L<perlre>. 3760 3761 =item Sequence (?%s...) not implemented in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3762 3763 (F) A proposed regular expression extension has the character reserved but 3764 has not yet been written. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about 3765 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 3766 3767 =item Sequence (?%s...) not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3768 3769 (F) You used a regular expression extension that doesn't make sense. The 3770 <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 3771 discovered. See L<perlre>. 3772 3773 =item Sequence \\%s... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3774 3775 (F) The regular expression expects a mandatory argument following the escape 3776 sequence and this has been omitted or incorrectly written. 3777 3778 =item Sequence (?#... not terminated in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3779 3780 (F) A regular expression comment must be terminated by a closing 3781 parenthesis. Embedded parentheses aren't allowed. The <-- HERE shows in 3782 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See 3783 L<perlre>. 3784 3785 =item Sequence (?{...}) not terminated or not {}-balanced in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3786 3787 (F) If the contents of a (?{...}) clause contains braces, they must balance 3788 for Perl to properly detect the end of the clause. The <-- HERE shows in 3789 the regular expression about where the problem was discovered. See 3790 L<perlre>. 3791 3792 =item 500 Server error 3793 3794 See Server error. 3795 3796 =item Server error 3797 3798 This is the error message generally seen in a browser window when trying 3799 to run a CGI program (including SSI) over the web. The actual error text 3800 varies widely from server to server. The most frequently-seen variants 3801 are "500 Server error", "Method (something) not permitted", "Document 3802 contains no data", "Premature end of script headers", and "Did not 3803 produce a valid header". 3804 3805 B<This is a CGI error, not a Perl error>. 3806 3807 You need to make sure your script is executable, is accessible by the 3808 user CGI is running the script under (which is probably not the user 3809 account you tested it under), does not rely on any environment variables 3810 (like PATH) from the user it isn't running under, and isn't in a 3811 location where the CGI server can't find it, basically, more or less. 3812 Please see the following for more information: 3813 3814 http://www.perl.org/CGI_MetaFAQ.html 3815 http://www.htmlhelp.org/faq/cgifaq.html 3816 http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/ 3817 3818 You should also look at L<perlfaq9>. 3819 3820 =item setegid() not implemented 3821 3822 (F) You tried to assign to C<$)>, and your operating system doesn't 3823 support the setegid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure 3824 didn't think so. 3825 3826 =item seteuid() not implemented 3827 3828 (F) You tried to assign to C<< $> >>, and your operating system doesn't 3829 support the seteuid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure 3830 didn't think so. 3831 3832 =item setpgrp can't take arguments 3833 3834 (F) Your system has the setpgrp() from BSD 4.2, which takes no 3835 arguments, unlike POSIX setpgid(), which takes a process ID and process 3836 group ID. 3837 3838 =item setrgid() not implemented 3839 3840 (F) You tried to assign to C<$(>, and your operating system doesn't 3841 support the setrgid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure 3842 didn't think so. 3843 3844 =item setruid() not implemented 3845 3846 (F) You tried to assign to C<$<>, and your operating system doesn't 3847 support the setruid() system call (or equivalent), or at least Configure 3848 didn't think so. 3849 3850 =item setsockopt() on closed socket %s 3851 3852 (W closed) You tried to set a socket option on a closed socket. Did you 3853 forget to check the return value of your socket() call? See 3854 L<perlfunc/setsockopt>. 3855 3856 =item Setuid/gid script is writable by world 3857 3858 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that is writable by the 3859 world, because the world might have written on it already. 3860 3861 =item Setuid script not plain file 3862 3863 (F) The setuid emulator won't run a script that isn't read from a file, 3864 but from a socket, a pipe or another device. 3865 3866 =item shm%s not implemented 3867 3868 (F) You don't have System V shared memory IPC on your system. 3869 3870 =item !=~ should be !~ 3871 3872 (W syntax) The non-matching operator is !~, not !=~. !=~ will be 3873 interpreted as the != (numeric not equal) and ~ (1's complement) 3874 operators: probably not what you intended. 3875 3876 =item <> should be quotes 3877 3878 (F) You wrote C<< require <file> >> when you should have written 3879 C<require 'file'>. 3880 3881 =item /%s/ should probably be written as "%s" 3882 3883 (W syntax) You have used a pattern where Perl expected to find a string, 3884 as in the first argument to C<join>. Perl will treat the true or false 3885 result of matching the pattern against $_ as the string, which is 3886 probably not what you had in mind. 3887 3888 =item shutdown() on closed socket %s 3889 3890 (W closed) You tried to do a shutdown on a closed socket. Seems a bit 3891 superfluous. 3892 3893 =item SIG%s handler "%s" not defined 3894 3895 (W signal) The signal handler named in %SIG doesn't, in fact, exist. 3896 Perhaps you put it into the wrong package? 3897 3898 =item sort is now a reserved word 3899 3900 (F) An ancient error message that almost nobody ever runs into anymore. 3901 But before sort was a keyword, people sometimes used it as a filehandle. 3902 3903 =item Sort subroutine didn't return a numeric value 3904 3905 (F) A sort comparison routine must return a number. You probably blew 3906 it by not using C<< <=> >> or C<cmp>, or by not using them correctly. 3907 See L<perlfunc/sort>. 3908 3909 =item Sort subroutine didn't return single value 3910 3911 (F) A sort comparison subroutine may not return a list value with more 3912 or less than one element. See L<perlfunc/sort>. 3913 3914 =item splice() offset past end of array 3915 3916 (W misc) You attempted to specify an offset that was past the end of 3917 the array passed to splice(). Splicing will instead commence at the end 3918 of the array, rather than past it. If this isn't what you want, try 3919 explicitly pre-extending the array by assigning $#array = $offset. See 3920 L<perlfunc/splice>. 3921 3922 =item Split loop 3923 3924 (P) The split was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a split shouldn't 3925 iterate more times than there are characters of input, which is what 3926 happened.) See L<perlfunc/split>. 3927 3928 =item Statement unlikely to be reached 3929 3930 (W exec) You did an exec() with some statement after it other than a 3931 die(). This is almost always an error, because exec() never returns 3932 unless there was a failure. You probably wanted to use system() 3933 instead, which does return. To suppress this warning, put the exec() in 3934 a block by itself. 3935 3936 =item stat() on unopened filehandle %s 3937 3938 (W unopened) You tried to use the stat() function on a filehandle that 3939 was either never opened or has since been closed. 3940 3941 =item Stub found while resolving method "%s" overloading "%s" 3942 3943 (P) Overloading resolution over @ISA tree may be broken by importation 3944 stubs. Stubs should never be implicitly created, but explicit calls to 3945 C<can> may break this. 3946 3947 =item Subroutine %s redefined 3948 3949 (W redefine) You redefined a subroutine. To suppress this warning, say 3950 3951 { 3952 no warnings 'redefine'; 3953 eval "sub name { ... }"; 3954 } 3955 3956 =item Substitution loop 3957 3958 (P) The substitution was looping infinitely. (Obviously, a substitution 3959 shouldn't iterate more times than there are characters of input, which 3960 is what happened.) See the discussion of substitution in 3961 L<perlop/"Regexp Quote-Like Operators">. 3962 3963 =item Substitution pattern not terminated 3964 3965 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} 3966 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. 3967 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. 3968 3969 =item Substitution replacement not terminated 3970 3971 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of an s/// or s{}{} 3972 construct. Remember that bracketing delimiters count nesting level. 3973 Missing the leading C<$> from variable C<$s> may cause this error. 3974 3975 =item substr outside of string 3976 3977 (W substr),(F) You tried to reference a substr() that pointed outside of 3978 a string. That is, the absolute value of the offset was larger than the 3979 length of the string. See L<perlfunc/substr>. This warning is fatal if 3980 substr is used in an lvalue context (as the left hand side of an 3981 assignment or as a subroutine argument for example). 3982 3983 =item suidperl is no longer needed since %s 3984 3985 (F) Your Perl was compiled with B<-D>SETUID_SCRIPTS_ARE_SECURE_NOW, but 3986 a version of the setuid emulator somehow got run anyway. 3987 3988 =item sv_upgrade from type %d down to type %d 3989 3990 (P) Perl tried to force the upgrade an SV to a type which was actually 3991 inferior to its current type. 3992 3993 =item Switch (?(condition)... contains too many branches in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 3994 3995 (F) A (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct can have at most two 3996 branches (the if-clause and the else-clause). If you want one or both to 3997 contain alternation, such as using C<this|that|other>, enclose it in 3998 clustering parentheses: 3999 4000 (?(condition)(?:this|that|other)|else-clause) 4001 4002 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 4003 discovered. See L<perlre>. 4004 4005 =item Switch condition not recognized in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4006 4007 (F) If the argument to the (?(...)if-clause|else-clause) construct is a 4008 number, it can be only a number. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression 4009 about where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 4010 4011 =item switching effective %s is not implemented 4012 4013 (F) While under the C<use filetest> pragma, we cannot switch the real 4014 and effective uids or gids. 4015 4016 =item %s syntax 4017 4018 (F) The final summary message when a C<perl -c> succeeds. 4019 4020 =item syntax error 4021 4022 (F) Probably means you had a syntax error. Common reasons include: 4023 4024 A keyword is misspelled. 4025 A semicolon is missing. 4026 A comma is missing. 4027 An opening or closing parenthesis is missing. 4028 An opening or closing brace is missing. 4029 A closing quote is missing. 4030 4031 Often there will be another error message associated with the syntax 4032 error giving more information. (Sometimes it helps to turn on B<-w>.) 4033 The error message itself often tells you where it was in the line when 4034 it decided to give up. Sometimes the actual error is several tokens 4035 before this, because Perl is good at understanding random input. 4036 Occasionally the line number may be misleading, and once in a blue moon 4037 the only way to figure out what's triggering the error is to call 4038 C<perl -c> repeatedly, chopping away half the program each time to see 4039 if the error went away. Sort of the cybernetic version of S<20 4040 questions>. 4041 4042 =item syntax error at line %d: `%s' unexpected 4043 4044 (A) You've accidentally run your script through the Bourne shell instead 4045 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl 4046 yourself. 4047 4048 =item syntax error in file %s at line %d, next 2 tokens "%s" 4049 4050 (F) This error is likely to occur if you run a perl5 script through 4051 a perl4 interpreter, especially if the next 2 tokens are "use strict" 4052 or "my $var" or "our $var". 4053 4054 =item sysread() on closed filehandle %s 4055 4056 (W closed) You tried to read from a closed filehandle. 4057 4058 =item sysread() on unopened filehandle %s 4059 4060 (W unopened) You tried to read from a filehandle that was never opened. 4061 4062 =item System V %s is not implemented on this machine 4063 4064 (F) You tried to do something with a function beginning with "sem", 4065 "shm", or "msg" but that System V IPC is not implemented in your 4066 machine. In some machines the functionality can exist but be 4067 unconfigured. Consult your system support. 4068 4069 =item syswrite() on closed filehandle %s 4070 4071 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime 4072 before now. Check your control flow. 4073 4074 =item C<-T> and C<-B> not implemented on filehandles 4075 4076 (F) Perl can't peek at the stdio buffer of filehandles when it doesn't 4077 know about your kind of stdio. You'll have to use a filename instead. 4078 4079 =item Target of goto is too deeply nested 4080 4081 (F) You tried to use C<goto> to reach a label that was too deeply nested 4082 for Perl to reach. Perl is doing you a favor by refusing. 4083 4084 =item tell() on unopened filehandle 4085 4086 (W unopened) You tried to use the tell() function on a filehandle that 4087 was either never opened or has since been closed. 4088 4089 =item telldir() attempted on invalid dirhandle %s 4090 4091 (W io) The dirhandle you tried to telldir() is either closed or not really 4092 a dirhandle. Check your control flow. 4093 4094 =item That use of $[ is unsupported 4095 4096 (F) Assignment to C<$[> is now strictly circumscribed, and interpreted 4097 as a compiler directive. You may say only one of 4098 4099 $[ = 0; 4100 $[ = 1; 4101 ... 4102 local $[ = 0; 4103 local $[ = 1; 4104 ... 4105 4106 This is to prevent the problem of one module changing the array base out 4107 from under another module inadvertently. See L<perlvar/$[>. 4108 4109 =item The crypt() function is unimplemented due to excessive paranoia 4110 4111 (F) Configure couldn't find the crypt() function on your machine, 4112 probably because your vendor didn't supply it, probably because they 4113 think the U.S. Government thinks it's a secret, or at least that they 4114 will continue to pretend that it is. And if you quote me on that, I 4115 will deny it. 4116 4117 =item The %s function is unimplemented 4118 4119 The function indicated isn't implemented on this architecture, according 4120 to the probings of Configure. 4121 4122 =item The stat preceding %s wasn't an lstat 4123 4124 (F) It makes no sense to test the current stat buffer for symbolic 4125 linkhood if the last stat that wrote to the stat buffer already went 4126 past the symlink to get to the real file. Use an actual filename 4127 instead. 4128 4129 =item The 'unique' attribute may only be applied to 'our' variables 4130 4131 (F) This attribute was never supported on C<my> or C<sub> declarations. 4132 4133 =item This Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s) 4134 4135 =item This Perl can't set CRTL environ elements (%s=%s) 4136 4137 (W internal) Warnings peculiar to VMS. You tried to change or delete an 4138 element of the CRTL's internal environ array, but your copy of Perl 4139 wasn't built with a CRTL that contained the setenv() function. You'll 4140 need to rebuild Perl with a CRTL that does, or redefine 4141 F<PERL_ENV_TABLES> (see L<perlvms>) so that the environ array isn't the 4142 target of the change to 4143 %ENV which produced the warning. 4144 4145 =item thread failed to start: %s 4146 4147 (W threads)(S) The entry point function of threads->create() failed for some reason. 4148 4149 =item times not implemented 4150 4151 (F) Your version of the C library apparently doesn't do times(). I 4152 suspect you're not running on Unix. 4153 4154 =item "-T" is on the #! line, it must also be used on the command line 4155 4156 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the 4157 B<-T> option, but Perl was not invoked with B<-T> in its command line. 4158 This is an error because, by the time Perl discovers a B<-T> in a 4159 script, it's too late to properly taint everything from the environment. 4160 So Perl gives up. 4161 4162 If the Perl script is being executed as a command using the #! 4163 mechanism (or its local equivalent), this error can usually be fixed by 4164 editing the #! line so that the B<-T> option is a part of Perl's first 4165 argument: e.g. change C<perl -n -T> to C<perl -T -n>. 4166 4167 If the Perl script is being executed as C<perl scriptname>, then the 4168 B<-T> option must appear on the command line: C<perl -T scriptname>. 4169 4170 =item To%s: illegal mapping '%s' 4171 4172 (F) You tried to define a customized To-mapping for lc(), lcfirst, 4173 uc(), or ucfirst() (or their string-inlined versions), but you 4174 specified an illegal mapping. 4175 See L<perlunicode/"User-Defined Character Properties">. 4176 4177 =item Too deeply nested ()-groups 4178 4179 (F) Your template contains ()-groups with a ridiculously deep nesting level. 4180 4181 =item Too few args to syscall 4182 4183 (F) There has to be at least one argument to syscall() to specify the 4184 system call to call, silly dilly. 4185 4186 =item Too late for "-%s" option 4187 4188 (X) The #! line (or local equivalent) in a Perl script contains the 4189 B<-M>, B<-m> or B<-C> option. This is an error because those options 4190 are not intended for use inside scripts. Use the C<use> pragma instead. 4191 4192 =item Too late to run %s block 4193 4194 (W void) A CHECK or INIT block is being defined during run time proper, 4195 when the opportunity to run them has already passed. Perhaps you are 4196 loading a file with C<require> or C<do> when you should be using C<use> 4197 instead. Or perhaps you should put the C<require> or C<do> inside a 4198 BEGIN block. 4199 4200 =item Too many args to syscall 4201 4202 (F) Perl supports a maximum of only 14 args to syscall(). 4203 4204 =item Too many arguments for %s 4205 4206 (F) The function requires fewer arguments than you specified. 4207 4208 =item Too many )'s 4209 4210 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. 4211 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. 4212 4213 =item Too many ('s 4214 4215 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. 4216 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. 4217 4218 =item Trailing \ in regex m/%s/ 4219 4220 (F) The regular expression ends with an unbackslashed backslash. 4221 Backslash it. See L<perlre>. 4222 4223 =item Transliteration pattern not terminated 4224 4225 (F) The lexer couldn't find the interior delimiter of a tr/// or tr[][] 4226 or y/// or y[][] construct. Missing the leading C<$> from variables 4227 C<$tr> or C<$y> may cause this error. 4228 4229 =item Transliteration replacement not terminated 4230 4231 (F) The lexer couldn't find the final delimiter of a tr///, tr[][], 4232 y/// or y[][] construct. 4233 4234 =item '%s' trapped by operation mask 4235 4236 (F) You tried to use an operator from a Safe compartment in which it's 4237 disallowed. See L<Safe>. 4238 4239 =item truncate not implemented 4240 4241 (F) Your machine doesn't implement a file truncation mechanism that 4242 Configure knows about. 4243 4244 =item Type of arg %d to %s must be %s (not %s) 4245 4246 (F) This function requires the argument in that position to be of a 4247 certain type. Arrays must be @NAME or C<@{EXPR}>. Hashes must be 4248 %NAME or C<%{EXPR}>. No implicit dereferencing is allowed--use the 4249 {EXPR} forms as an explicit dereference. See L<perlref>. 4250 4251 =item umask not implemented 4252 4253 (F) Your machine doesn't implement the umask function and you tried to 4254 use it to restrict permissions for yourself (EXPR & 0700). 4255 4256 =item Unable to create sub named "%s" 4257 4258 (F) You attempted to create or access a subroutine with an illegal name. 4259 4260 =item Unbalanced context: %d more PUSHes than POPs 4261 4262 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how 4263 many execution contexts were entered and left. 4264 4265 =item Unbalanced saves: %d more saves than restores 4266 4267 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how 4268 many values were temporarily localized. 4269 4270 =item Unbalanced scopes: %d more ENTERs than LEAVEs 4271 4272 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how 4273 many blocks were entered and left. 4274 4275 =item Unbalanced tmps: %d more allocs than frees 4276 4277 (W internal) The exit code detected an internal inconsistency in how 4278 many mortal scalars were allocated and freed. 4279 4280 =item Undefined format "%s" called 4281 4282 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in 4283 another package? See L<perlform>. 4284 4285 =item Undefined sort subroutine "%s" called 4286 4287 (F) The sort comparison routine specified doesn't seem to exist. 4288 Perhaps it's in a different package? See L<perlfunc/sort>. 4289 4290 =item Undefined subroutine &%s called 4291 4292 (F) The subroutine indicated hasn't been defined, or if it was, it has 4293 since been undefined. 4294 4295 =item Undefined subroutine called 4296 4297 (F) The anonymous subroutine you're trying to call hasn't been defined, 4298 or if it was, it has since been undefined. 4299 4300 =item Undefined subroutine in sort 4301 4302 (F) The sort comparison routine specified is declared but doesn't seem 4303 to have been defined yet. See L<perlfunc/sort>. 4304 4305 =item Undefined top format "%s" called 4306 4307 (F) The format indicated doesn't seem to exist. Perhaps it's really in 4308 another package? See L<perlform>. 4309 4310 =item Undefined value assigned to typeglob 4311 4312 (W misc) An undefined value was assigned to a typeglob, a la 4313 C<*foo = undef>. This does nothing. It's possible that you really mean 4314 C<undef *foo>. 4315 4316 =item %s: Undefined variable 4317 4318 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead of Perl. 4319 Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into Perl yourself. 4320 4321 =item unexec of %s into %s failed! 4322 4323 (F) The unexec() routine failed for some reason. See your local FSF 4324 representative, who probably put it there in the first place. 4325 4326 =item Unicode character %s is illegal 4327 4328 (W utf8) Certain Unicode characters have been designated off-limits by 4329 the Unicode standard and should not be generated. If you really know 4330 what you are doing you can turn off this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>. 4331 4332 =item Unknown BYTEORDER 4333 4334 (F) There are no byte-swapping functions for a machine with this byte 4335 order. 4336 4337 =item Unknown open() mode '%s' 4338 4339 (F) The second argument of 3-argument open() is not among the list 4340 of valid modes: C<< < >>, C<< > >>, C<<< >> >>>, C<< +< >>, 4341 C<< +> >>, C<<< +>> >>>, C<-|>, C<|->, C<< <& >>, C<< >& >>. 4342 4343 =item Unknown PerlIO layer "%s" 4344 4345 (W layer) An attempt was made to push an unknown layer onto the Perl I/O 4346 system. (Layers take care of transforming data between external and 4347 internal representations.) Note that some layers, such as C<mmap>, 4348 are not supported in all environments. If your program didn't 4349 explicitly request the failing operation, it may be the result of the 4350 value of the environment variable PERLIO. 4351 4352 =item Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s 4353 4354 (P) An error peculiar to VMS. Perl was reading values for %ENV before 4355 iterating over it, and someone else stuck a message in the stream of 4356 data Perl expected. Someone's very confused, or perhaps trying to 4357 subvert Perl's population of %ENV for nefarious purposes. 4358 4359 =item Unknown "re" subpragma '%s' (known ones are: %s) 4360 4361 You tried to use an unknown subpragma of the "re" pragma. 4362 4363 =item Unknown switch condition (?(%.2s in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4364 4365 (F) The condition part of a (?(condition)if-clause|else-clause) construct 4366 is not known. The condition may be lookahead or lookbehind (the condition 4367 is true if the lookahead or lookbehind is true), a (?{...}) construct (the 4368 condition is true if the code evaluates to a true value), or a number (the 4369 condition is true if the set of capturing parentheses named by the number 4370 matched). 4371 4372 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem was 4373 discovered. See L<perlre>. 4374 4375 =item Unknown Unicode option letter '%c' 4376 4377 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation 4378 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. 4379 4380 =item Unknown Unicode option value %x 4381 4382 You specified an unknown Unicode option. See L<perlrun> documentation 4383 of the C<-C> switch for the list of known options. 4384 4385 =item Unknown warnings category '%s' 4386 4387 (F) An error issued by the C<warnings> pragma. You specified a warnings 4388 category that is unknown to perl at this point. 4389 4390 Note that if you want to enable a warnings category registered by a module 4391 (e.g. C<use warnings 'File::Find'>), you must have imported this module 4392 4393 =item Unknown verb pattern '%s' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4394 4395 (F) You either made a typo or have incorrectly put a C<*> quantifier 4396 after an open brace in your pattern. Check the pattern and review 4397 L<perlre> for details on legal verb patterns. 4398 4399 first. 4400 4401 =item unmatched [ in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4402 4403 (F) The brackets around a character class must match. If you wish to 4404 include a closing bracket in a character class, backslash it or put it 4405 first. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the problem 4406 was discovered. See L<perlre>. 4407 4408 =item unmatched ( in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4409 4410 (F) Unbackslashed parentheses must always be balanced in regular 4411 expressions. If you're a vi user, the % key is valuable for finding the 4412 matching parenthesis. The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about 4413 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 4414 4415 =item Unmatched right %s bracket 4416 4417 (F) The lexer counted more closing curly or square brackets than opening 4418 ones, so you're probably missing a matching opening bracket. As a 4419 general rule, you'll find the missing one (so to speak) near the place 4420 you were last editing. 4421 4422 =item Unquoted string "%s" may clash with future reserved word 4423 4424 (W reserved) You used a bareword that might someday be claimed as a 4425 reserved word. It's best to put such a word in quotes, or capitalize it 4426 somehow, or insert an underbar into it. You might also declare it as a 4427 subroutine. 4428 4429 =item Unrecognized character %s in column %d 4430 4431 (F) The Perl parser has no idea what to do with the specified character 4432 in your Perl script (or eval) at the specified column. Perhaps you tried 4433 to run a compressed script, a binary program, or a directory as a Perl program. 4434 4435 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4436 4437 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not 4438 recognized by Perl inside character classes. The character was 4439 understood literally. 4440 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the 4441 escape was discovered. 4442 4443 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through 4444 4445 (W misc) You used a backslash-character combination which is not 4446 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally. 4447 4448 =item Unrecognized escape \\%c passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4449 4450 (W regexp) You used a backslash-character combination which is not 4451 recognized by Perl. The character was understood literally. 4452 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about where the 4453 escape was discovered. 4454 4455 =item Unrecognized signal name "%s" 4456 4457 (F) You specified a signal name to the kill() function that was not 4458 recognized. Say C<kill -l> in your shell to see the valid signal names 4459 on your system. 4460 4461 =item Unrecognized switch: -%s (-h will show valid options) 4462 4463 (F) You specified an illegal option to Perl. Don't do that. (If you 4464 think you didn't do that, check the #! line to see if it's supplying the 4465 bad switch on your behalf.) 4466 4467 =item Unsuccessful %s on filename containing newline 4468 4469 (W newline) A file operation was attempted on a filename, and that 4470 operation failed, PROBABLY because the filename contained a newline, 4471 PROBABLY because you forgot to chomp() it off. See L<perlfunc/chomp>. 4472 4473 =item Unsupported directory function "%s" called 4474 4475 (F) Your machine doesn't support opendir() and readdir(). 4476 4477 =item Unsupported function %s 4478 4479 (F) This machine doesn't implement the indicated function, apparently. 4480 At least, Configure doesn't think so. 4481 4482 =item Unsupported function fork 4483 4484 (F) Your version of executable does not support forking. 4485 4486 Note that under some systems, like OS/2, there may be different flavors 4487 of Perl executables, some of which may support fork, some not. Try 4488 changing the name you call Perl by to C<perl_>, C<perl__>, and so on. 4489 4490 =item Unsupported script encoding %s 4491 4492 (F) Your program file begins with a Unicode Byte Order Mark (BOM) which 4493 declares it to be in a Unicode encoding that Perl cannot read. 4494 4495 =item Unsupported socket function "%s" called 4496 4497 (F) Your machine doesn't support the Berkeley socket mechanism, or at 4498 least that's what Configure thought. 4499 4500 =item Unterminated attribute list 4501 4502 (F) The lexer found something other than a simple identifier at the 4503 start of an attribute, and it wasn't a semicolon or the start of a 4504 block. Perhaps you terminated the parameter list of the previous 4505 attribute too soon. See L<attributes>. 4506 4507 =item Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute list 4508 4509 (F) The lexer saw an opening (left) parenthesis character while parsing 4510 an attribute list, but the matching closing (right) parenthesis 4511 character was not found. You may need to add (or remove) a backslash 4512 character to get your parentheses to balance. See L<attributes>. 4513 4514 =item Unterminated compressed integer 4515 4516 (F) An argument to unpack("w",...) was incompatible with the BER 4517 compressed integer format and could not be converted to an integer. 4518 See L<perlfunc/pack>. 4519 4520 =item Unterminated verb pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4521 4522 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB)> but did not terminate 4523 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. 4524 4525 =item Unterminated verb pattern argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4526 4527 (F) You used a pattern of the form C<(*VERB:ARG)> but did not terminate 4528 the pattern with a C<)>. Fix the pattern and retry. 4529 4530 =item Unterminated \g{...} pattern in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4531 4532 (F) You missed a close brace on a \g{..} pattern (group reference) in 4533 a regular expression. Fix the pattern and retry. 4534 4535 =item Unterminated <> operator 4536 4537 (F) The lexer saw a left angle bracket in a place where it was expecting 4538 a term, so it's looking for the corresponding right angle bracket, and 4539 not finding it. Chances are you left some needed parentheses out 4540 earlier in the line, and you really meant a "less than". 4541 4542 =item untie attempted while %d inner references still exist 4543 4544 (W untie) A copy of the object returned from C<tie> (or C<tied>) was 4545 still valid when C<untie> was called. 4546 4547 =item Usage: POSIX::%s(%s) 4548 4549 (F) You called a POSIX function with incorrect arguments. 4550 See L<POSIX/FUNCTIONS> for more information. 4551 4552 =item Usage: Win32::%s(%s) 4553 4554 (F) You called a Win32 function with incorrect arguments. 4555 See L<Win32> for more information. 4556 4557 =item Useless (?-%s) - don't use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4558 4559 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?-o) that has no 4560 meaning unless removed from the entire regexp: 4561 4562 if ($string =~ /(?-o)$pattern/o) { ... } 4563 4564 must be written as 4565 4566 if ($string =~ /$pattern/) { ... } 4567 4568 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about 4569 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 4570 4571 =item Useless localization of %s 4572 4573 (W syntax) The localization of lvalues such as C<local($x=10)> is 4574 legal, but in fact the local() currently has no effect. This may change at 4575 some point in the future, but in the meantime such code is discouraged. 4576 4577 =item Useless (?%s) - use /%s modifier in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4578 4579 (W regexp) You have used an internal modifier such as (?o) that has no 4580 meaning unless applied to the entire regexp: 4581 4582 if ($string =~ /(?o)$pattern/) { ... } 4583 4584 must be written as 4585 4586 if ($string =~ /$pattern/o) { ... } 4587 4588 The <-- HERE shows in the regular expression about 4589 where the problem was discovered. See L<perlre>. 4590 4591 =item Useless use of %s in void context 4592 4593 (W void) You did something without a side effect in a context that does 4594 nothing with the return value, such as a statement that doesn't return a 4595 value from a block, or the left side of a scalar comma operator. Very 4596 often this points not to stupidity on your part, but a failure of Perl 4597 to parse your program the way you thought it would. For example, you'd 4598 get this if you mixed up your C precedence with Python precedence and 4599 said 4600 4601 $one, $two = 1, 2; 4602 4603 when you meant to say 4604 4605 ($one, $two) = (1, 2); 4606 4607 Another common error is to use ordinary parentheses to construct a list 4608 reference when you should be using square or curly brackets, for 4609 example, if you say 4610 4611 $array = (1,2); 4612 4613 when you should have said 4614 4615 $array = [1,2]; 4616 4617 The square brackets explicitly turn a list value into a scalar value, 4618 while parentheses do not. So when a parenthesized list is evaluated in 4619 a scalar context, the comma is treated like C's comma operator, which 4620 throws away the left argument, which is not what you want. See 4621 L<perlref> for more on this. 4622 4623 This warning will not be issued for numerical constants equal to 0 or 1 4624 since they are often used in statements like 4625 4626 1 while sub_with_side_effects(); 4627 4628 String constants that would normally evaluate to 0 or 1 are warned 4629 about. 4630 4631 =item Useless use of "re" pragma 4632 4633 (W) You did C<use re;> without any arguments. That isn't very useful. 4634 4635 =item Useless use of sort in scalar context 4636 4637 (W void) You used sort in scalar context, as in : 4638 4639 my $x = sort @y; 4640 4641 This is not very useful, and perl currently optimizes this away. 4642 4643 =item Useless use of %s with no values 4644 4645 (W syntax) You used the push() or unshift() function with no arguments 4646 apart from the array, like C<push(@x)> or C<unshift(@foo)>. That won't 4647 usually have any effect on the array, so is completely useless. It's 4648 possible in principle that push(@tied_array) could have some effect 4649 if the array is tied to a class which implements a PUSH method. If so, 4650 you can write it as C<push(@tied_array,())> to avoid this warning. 4651 4652 =item "use" not allowed in expression 4653 4654 (F) The "use" keyword is recognized and executed at compile time, and 4655 returns no useful value. See L<perlmod>. 4656 4657 =item Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated 4658 4659 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the explicitly quoted form 4660 if you wish to use an empty line as the terminator of the here-document. 4661 4662 =item Use of chdir('') or chdir(undef) as chdir() deprecated 4663 4664 (D deprecated) chdir() with no arguments is documented to change to 4665 $ENV{HOME} or $ENV{LOGDIR}. chdir(undef) and chdir('') share this 4666 behavior, but that has been deprecated. In future versions they 4667 will simply fail. 4668 4669 Be careful to check that what you pass to chdir() is defined and not 4670 blank, else you might find yourself in your home directory. 4671 4672 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless in s/// 4673 4674 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier in a substitution. The /c 4675 modifier is not presently meaningful in substitutions. 4676 4677 =item Use of /c modifier is meaningless without /g 4678 4679 (W regexp) You used the /c modifier with a regex operand, but didn't 4680 use the /g modifier. Currently, /c is meaningful only when /g is 4681 used. (This may change in the future.) 4682 4683 =item Use of freed value in iteration 4684 4685 (F) Perhaps you modified the iterated array within the loop? 4686 This error is typically caused by code like the following: 4687 4688 @a = (3,4); 4689 @a = () for (1,2,@a); 4690 4691 You are not supposed to modify arrays while they are being iterated over. 4692 For speed and efficiency reasons, Perl internally does not do full 4693 reference-counting of iterated items, hence deleting such an item in the 4694 middle of an iteration causes Perl to see a freed value. 4695 4696 =item Use of *glob{FILEHANDLE} is deprecated 4697 4698 (D deprecated) You are now encouraged to use the shorter *glob{IO} form 4699 to access the filehandle slot within a typeglob. 4700 4701 =item Use of /g modifier is meaningless in split 4702 4703 (W regexp) You used the /g modifier on the pattern for a C<split> 4704 operator. Since C<split> always tries to match the pattern 4705 repeatedly, the C</g> has no effect. 4706 4707 =item Use of implicit split to @_ is deprecated 4708 4709 (D deprecated) It makes a lot of work for the compiler when you clobber 4710 a subroutine's argument list, so it's better if you assign the results 4711 of a split() explicitly to an array (or list). 4712 4713 =item Use of inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method %s() is deprecated 4714 4715 (D deprecated) As an (ahem) accidental feature, C<AUTOLOAD> subroutines 4716 are looked up as methods (using the C<@ISA> hierarchy) even when the 4717 subroutines to be autoloaded were called as plain functions (e.g. 4718 C<Foo::bar()>), not as methods (e.g. C<< Foo->bar() >> or C<< 4719 $obj->bar() >>). 4720 4721 This bug will be rectified in future by using method lookup only for 4722 methods' C<AUTOLOAD>s. However, there is a significant base of existing 4723 code that may be using the old behavior. So, as an interim step, Perl 4724 currently issues an optional warning when non-methods use inherited 4725 C<AUTOLOAD>s. 4726 4727 The simple rule is: Inheritance will not work when autoloading 4728 non-methods. The simple fix for old code is: In any module that used 4729 to depend on inheriting C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods from a base class 4730 named C<BaseClass>, execute C<*AUTOLOAD = \&BaseClass::AUTOLOAD> during 4731 startup. 4732 4733 In code that currently says C<use AutoLoader; @ISA = qw(AutoLoader);> 4734 you should remove AutoLoader from @ISA and change C<use AutoLoader;> to 4735 C<use AutoLoader 'AUTOLOAD';>. 4736 4737 =item Use of %s in printf format not supported 4738 4739 (F) You attempted to use a feature of printf that is accessible from 4740 only C. This usually means there's a better way to do it in Perl. 4741 4742 =item Use of %s is deprecated 4743 4744 (D deprecated) The construct indicated is no longer recommended for use, 4745 generally because there's a better way to do it, and also because the 4746 old way has bad side effects. 4747 4748 =item Use of -l on filehandle %s 4749 4750 (W io) A filehandle represents an opened file, and when you opened the file 4751 it already went past any symlink you are presumably trying to look for. 4752 The operation returned C<undef>. Use a filename instead. 4753 4754 =item Use of "package" with no arguments is deprecated 4755 4756 (D deprecated) You used the C<package> keyword without specifying a package 4757 name. So no namespace is current at all. Using this can cause many 4758 otherwise reasonable constructs to fail in baffling ways. C<use strict;> 4759 instead. 4760 4761 =item Use of reference "%s" as array index 4762 4763 (W misc) You tried to use a reference as an array index; this probably 4764 isn't what you mean, because references in numerical context tend 4765 to be huge numbers, and so usually indicates programmer error. 4766 4767 If you really do mean it, explicitly numify your reference, like so: 4768 C<$array[0+$ref]>. This warning is not given for overloaded objects, 4769 either, because you can overload the numification and stringification 4770 operators and then you assumably know what you are doing. 4771 4772 =item Use of reserved word "%s" is deprecated 4773 4774 (D deprecated) The indicated bareword is a reserved word. Future 4775 versions of perl may use it as a keyword, so you're better off either 4776 explicitly quoting the word in a manner appropriate for its context of 4777 use, or using a different name altogether. The warning can be 4778 suppressed for subroutine names by either adding a C<&> prefix, or using 4779 a package qualifier, e.g. C<&our()>, or C<Foo::our()>. 4780 4781 =item Use of tainted arguments in %s is deprecated 4782 4783 (W taint, deprecated) You have supplied C<system()> or C<exec()> with multiple 4784 arguments and at least one of them is tainted. This used to be allowed 4785 but will become a fatal error in a future version of perl. Untaint your 4786 arguments. See L<perlsec>. 4787 4788 =item Use of uninitialized value%s 4789 4790 (W uninitialized) An undefined value was used as if it were already 4791 defined. It was interpreted as a "" or a 0, but maybe it was a mistake. 4792 To suppress this warning assign a defined value to your variables. 4793 4794 To help you figure out what was undefined, perl will try to tell you the 4795 name of the variable (if any) that was undefined. In some cases it cannot 4796 do this, so it also tells you what operation you used the undefined value 4797 in. Note, however, that perl optimizes your program and the operation 4798 displayed in the warning may not necessarily appear literally in your 4799 program. For example, C<"that $foo"> is usually optimized into C<"that " 4800 . $foo>, and the warning will refer to the C<concatenation (.)> operator, 4801 even though there is no C<.> in your program. 4802 4803 =item Using a hash as a reference is deprecated 4804 4805 (D deprecated) You tried to use a hash as a reference, as in 4806 C<< %foo->{"bar"} >> or C<< %$ref->{"hello"} >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 4807 used to allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will 4808 be removed in a future version. 4809 4810 =item Using an array as a reference is deprecated 4811 4812 (D deprecated) You tried to use an array as a reference, as in 4813 C<< @foo->[23] >> or C<< @$ref->[99] >>. Versions of perl <= 5.6.1 used to 4814 allow this syntax, but shouldn't have. It is now deprecated, and will be 4815 removed in a future version. 4816 4817 =item UTF-16 surrogate %s 4818 4819 (W utf8) You tried to generate half of an UTF-16 surrogate by 4820 requesting a Unicode character between the code points 0xD800 and 4821 0xDFFF (inclusive). That range is reserved exclusively for the use of 4822 UTF-16 encoding (by having two 16-bit UCS-2 characters); but Perl 4823 encodes its characters in UTF-8, so what you got is a very illegal 4824 character. If you really know what you are doing you can turn off 4825 this warning by C<no warnings 'utf8';>. 4826 4827 =item Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined() 4828 4829 (W misc) In a conditional expression, you used <HANDLE>, <*> (glob), 4830 C<each()>, or C<readdir()> as a boolean value. Each of these constructs 4831 can return a value of "0"; that would make the conditional expression 4832 false, which is probably not what you intended. When using these 4833 constructs in conditional expressions, test their values with the 4834 C<defined> operator. 4835 4836 =item Value of CLI symbol "%s" too long 4837 4838 (W misc) A warning peculiar to VMS. Perl tried to read the value of an 4839 %ENV element from a CLI symbol table, and found a resultant string 4840 longer than 1024 characters. The return value has been truncated to 4841 1024 characters. 4842 4843 =item Variable "%s" is not available 4844 4845 (W closure) During compilation, an inner named subroutine or eval is 4846 attempting to capture an outer lexical that is not currently available. 4847 This can happen for one of two reasons. First, the outer lexical may be 4848 declared in an outer anonymous subroutine that has not yet been created. 4849 (Remember that named subs are created at compile time, while anonymous 4850 subs are created at run-time.) For example, 4851 4852 sub { my $a; sub f { $a } } 4853 4854 At the time that f is created, it can't capture the current value of $a, 4855 since the anonymous subroutine hasn't been created yet. Conversely, 4856 the following won't give a warning since the anonymous subroutine has by 4857 now been created and is live: 4858 4859 sub { my $a; eval 'sub f { $a }' }->(); 4860 4861 The second situation is caused by an eval accessing a variable that has 4862 gone out of scope, for example, 4863 4864 sub f { 4865 my $a; 4866 sub { eval '$a' } 4867 } 4868 f()->(); 4869 4870 Here, when the '$a' in the eval is being compiled, f() is not currently being 4871 executed, so its $a is not available for capture. 4872 4873 =item Variable "%s" is not imported%s 4874 4875 (F) While "use strict" in effect, you referred to a global variable that 4876 you apparently thought was imported from another module, because 4877 something else of the same name (usually a subroutine) is exported by 4878 that module. It usually means you put the wrong funny character on the 4879 front of your variable. 4880 4881 =item Variable length lookbehind not implemented in m/%s/ 4882 4883 (F) Lookbehind is allowed only for subexpressions whose length is fixed and 4884 known at compile time. See L<perlre>. 4885 4886 =item "%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s 4887 4888 (W misc) A "my", "our" or "state" variable has been redeclared in the current 4889 scope or statement, effectively eliminating all access to the previous 4890 instance. This is almost always a typographical error. Note that the 4891 earlier variable will still exist until the end of the scope or until 4892 all closure referents to it are destroyed. 4893 4894 =item Variable syntax 4895 4896 (A) You've accidentally run your script through B<csh> instead 4897 of Perl. Check the #! line, or manually feed your script into 4898 Perl yourself. 4899 4900 =item Variable "%s" will not stay shared 4901 4902 (W closure) An inner (nested) I<named> subroutine is referencing a 4903 lexical variable defined in an outer named subroutine. 4904 4905 When the inner subroutine is called, it will see the value of 4906 the outer subroutine's variable as it was before and during the *first* 4907 call to the outer subroutine; in this case, after the first call to the 4908 outer subroutine is complete, the inner and outer subroutines will no 4909 longer share a common value for the variable. In other words, the 4910 variable will no longer be shared. 4911 4912 This problem can usually be solved by making the inner subroutine 4913 anonymous, using the C<sub {}> syntax. When inner anonymous subs that 4914 reference variables in outer subroutines are created, they 4915 are automatically rebound to the current values of such variables. 4916 4917 =item Verb pattern '%s' has a mandatory argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4918 4919 (F) You used a verb pattern that requires an argument. Supply an argument 4920 or check that you are using the right verb. 4921 4922 =item Verb pattern '%s' may not have an argument in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/ 4923 4924 (F) You used a verb pattern that is not allowed an argument. Remove the 4925 argument or check that you are using the right verb. 4926 4927 =item Version number must be a constant number 4928 4929 (P) The attempt to translate a C<use Module n.n LIST> statement into 4930 its equivalent C<BEGIN> block found an internal inconsistency with 4931 the version number. 4932 4933 =item Version string '%s' contains invalid data; ignoring: '%s' 4934 4935 (W misc) The version string contains invalid characters at the end, which 4936 are being ignored. 4937 4938 =item v-string in use/require is non-portable 4939 4940 (W portable) The use of v-strings is non-portable to older, pre-5.6, Perls. 4941 If you want your scripts to be backward portable, use the floating 4942 point version number: for example, instead of C<use 5.6.1> say 4943 C<use 5.006_001>. This of course won't make older Perls suddenly start 4944 understanding newer features, but at least they will show a sensible 4945 error message indicating the required minimum version. 4946 4947 This warning is suppressed if the C<use 5.x.y> is preceded by a 4948 C<use 5.006> (see C<use VERSION> in L<perlfunc/use>). 4949 4950 =item Warning: something's wrong 4951 4952 (W) You passed warn() an empty string (the equivalent of C<warn "">) or 4953 you called it with no args and C<$@> was empty. 4954 4955 =item Warning: unable to close filehandle %s properly 4956 4957 (S) The implicit close() done by an open() got an error indication on 4958 the close(). This usually indicates your file system ran out of disk 4959 space. 4960 4961 =item Warning: Use of "%s" without parentheses is ambiguous 4962 4963 (S ambiguous) You wrote a unary operator followed by something that 4964 looks like a binary operator that could also have been interpreted as a 4965 term or unary operator. For instance, if you know that the rand 4966 function has a default argument of 1.0, and you write 4967 4968 rand + 5; 4969 4970 you may THINK you wrote the same thing as 4971 4972 rand() + 5; 4973 4974 but in actual fact, you got 4975 4976 rand(+5); 4977 4978 So put in parentheses to say what you really mean. 4979 4980 =item Wide character in %s 4981 4982 (W utf8) Perl met a wide character (>255) when it wasn't expecting 4983 one. This warning is by default on for I/O (like print). The easiest 4984 way to quiet this warning is simply to add the C<:utf8> layer to the 4985 output, e.g. C<binmode STDOUT, ':utf8'>. Another way to turn off the 4986 warning is to add C<no warnings 'utf8';> but that is often closer to 4987 cheating. In general, you are supposed to explicitly mark the 4988 filehandle with an encoding, see L<open> and L<perlfunc/binmode>. 4989 4990 =item Within []-length '%c' not allowed 4991 4992 (F) The count in the (un)pack template may be replaced by C<[TEMPLATE]> only if 4993 C<TEMPLATE> always matches the same amount of packed bytes that can be 4994 determined from the template alone. This is not possible if it contains an 4995 of the codes @, /, U, u, w or a *-length. Redesign the template. 4996 4997 =item write() on closed filehandle %s 4998 4999 (W closed) The filehandle you're writing to got itself closed sometime 5000 before now. Check your control flow. 5001 5002 =item %s "\x%s" does not map to Unicode 5003 5004 When reading in different encodings Perl tries to map everything 5005 into Unicode characters. The bytes you read in are not legal in 5006 this encoding, for example 5007 5008 utf8 "\xE4" does not map to Unicode 5009 5010 if you try to read in the a-diaereses Latin-1 as UTF-8. 5011 5012 =item 'X' outside of string 5013 5014 (F) You had a (un)pack template that specified a relative position before 5015 the beginning of the string being (un)packed. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 5016 5017 =item 'x' outside of string in unpack 5018 5019 (F) You had a pack template that specified a relative position after 5020 the end of the string being unpacked. See L<perlfunc/pack>. 5021 5022 =item YOU HAVEN'T DISABLED SET-ID SCRIPTS IN THE KERNEL YET! 5023 5024 (F) And you probably never will, because you probably don't have the 5025 sources to your kernel, and your vendor probably doesn't give a rip 5026 about what you want. Your best bet is to put a setuid C wrapper around 5027 your script. 5028 5029 =item You need to quote "%s" 5030 5031 (W syntax) You assigned a bareword as a signal handler name. 5032 Unfortunately, you already have a subroutine of that name declared, 5033 which means that Perl 5 will try to call the subroutine when the 5034 assignment is executed, which is probably not what you want. (If it IS 5035 what you want, put an & in front.) 5036 5037 =item Your random numbers are not that random 5038 5039 (F) When trying to initialise the random seed for hashes, Perl could 5040 not get any randomness out of your system. This usually indicates 5041 Something Very Wrong. 5042 5043 =back 5044 5045 =head1 SEE ALSO 5046 5047 L<warnings>, L<perllexwarn>. 5048 5049 =cut
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