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1 package Sys::Syslog; 2 use strict; 3 use warnings::register; 4 use Carp; 5 use Fcntl qw(O_WRONLY); 6 use File::Basename; 7 use POSIX qw(strftime setlocale LC_TIME); 8 use Socket ':all'; 9 require 5.005; 10 require Exporter; 11 12 { no strict 'vars'; 13 $VERSION = '0.22'; 14 @ISA = qw(Exporter); 15 16 %EXPORT_TAGS = ( 17 standard => [qw(openlog syslog closelog setlogmask)], 18 extended => [qw(setlogsock)], 19 macros => [ 20 # levels 21 qw( 22 LOG_ALERT LOG_CRIT LOG_DEBUG LOG_EMERG LOG_ERR 23 LOG_INFO LOG_NOTICE LOG_WARNING 24 ), 25 26 # standard facilities 27 qw( 28 LOG_AUTH LOG_AUTHPRIV LOG_CRON LOG_DAEMON LOG_FTP LOG_KERN 29 LOG_LOCAL0 LOG_LOCAL1 LOG_LOCAL2 LOG_LOCAL3 LOG_LOCAL4 30 LOG_LOCAL5 LOG_LOCAL6 LOG_LOCAL7 LOG_LPR LOG_MAIL LOG_NEWS 31 LOG_SYSLOG LOG_USER LOG_UUCP 32 ), 33 # Mac OS X specific facilities 34 qw( LOG_INSTALL LOG_LAUNCHD LOG_NETINFO LOG_RAS LOG_REMOTEAUTH ), 35 # modern BSD specific facilities 36 qw( LOG_CONSOLE LOG_NTP LOG_SECURITY ), 37 # IRIX specific facilities 38 qw( LOG_AUDIT LOG_LFMT ), 39 40 # options 41 qw( 42 LOG_CONS LOG_PID LOG_NDELAY LOG_NOWAIT LOG_ODELAY LOG_PERROR 43 ), 44 45 # others macros 46 qw( 47 LOG_FACMASK LOG_NFACILITIES LOG_PRIMASK 48 LOG_MASK LOG_UPTO 49 ), 50 ], 51 ); 52 53 @EXPORT = ( 54 @{$EXPORT_TAGS{standard}}, 55 ); 56 57 @EXPORT_OK = ( 58 @{$EXPORT_TAGS{extended}}, 59 @{$EXPORT_TAGS{macros}}, 60 ); 61 62 eval { 63 require XSLoader; 64 XSLoader::load('Sys::Syslog', $VERSION); 65 1 66 } or do { 67 require DynaLoader; 68 push @ISA, 'DynaLoader'; 69 bootstrap Sys::Syslog $VERSION; 70 }; 71 } 72 73 74 # 75 # Public variables 76 # 77 use vars qw($host); # host to send syslog messages to (see notes at end) 78 79 # 80 # Global variables 81 # 82 use vars qw($facility); 83 my $connected = 0; # flag to indicate if we're connected or not 84 my $syslog_send; # coderef of the function used to send messages 85 my $syslog_path = undef; # syslog path for "stream" and "unix" mechanisms 86 my $syslog_xobj = undef; # if defined, holds the external object used to send messages 87 my $transmit_ok = 0; # flag to indicate if the last message was transmited 88 my $current_proto = undef; # current mechanism used to transmit messages 89 my $ident = ''; # identifiant prepended to each message 90 $facility = ''; # current facility 91 my $maskpri = LOG_UPTO(&LOG_DEBUG); # current log mask 92 93 my %options = ( 94 ndelay => 0, 95 nofatal => 0, 96 nowait => 0, 97 perror => 0, 98 pid => 0, 99 ); 100 101 # Default is now to first use the native mechanism, so Perl programs 102 # behave like other normal Unix programs, then try other mechanisms. 103 my @connectMethods = qw(native tcp udp unix pipe stream console); 104 if ($^O =~ /^(freebsd|linux)$/) { 105 @connectMethods = grep { $_ ne 'udp' } @connectMethods; 106 } 107 108 EVENTLOG: { 109 # use EventLog on Win32 110 my $is_Win32 = $^O =~ /Win32/i; 111 112 # some applications are trying to be too smart 113 # yes I'm speaking of YOU, SpamAssassin, grr.. 114 local($SIG{__DIE__}, $SIG{__WARN__}, $@); 115 116 if (eval "use Sys::Syslog::Win32; 1") { 117 unshift @connectMethods, 'eventlog'; 118 } 119 elsif ($is_Win32) { 120 warn $@; 121 } 122 } 123 124 my @defaultMethods = @connectMethods; 125 my @fallbackMethods = (); 126 127 # coderef for a nicer handling of errors 128 my $err_sub = $options{nofatal} ? \&warnings::warnif : \&croak; 129 130 131 sub AUTOLOAD { 132 # This AUTOLOAD is used to 'autoload' constants from the constant() 133 # XS function. 134 no strict 'vars'; 135 my $constname; 136 ($constname = $AUTOLOAD) =~ s/.*:://; 137 croak "Sys::Syslog::constant() not defined" if $constname eq 'constant'; 138 my ($error, $val) = constant($constname); 139 croak $error if $error; 140 no strict 'refs'; 141 *$AUTOLOAD = sub { $val }; 142 goto &$AUTOLOAD; 143 } 144 145 146 sub openlog { 147 ($ident, my $logopt, $facility) = @_; 148 149 # default values 150 $ident ||= basename($0) || getlogin() || getpwuid($<) || 'syslog'; 151 $logopt ||= ''; 152 $facility ||= LOG_USER(); 153 154 for my $opt (split /\b/, $logopt) { 155 $options{$opt} = 1 if exists $options{$opt} 156 } 157 158 $err_sub = $options{nofatal} ? \&warnings::warnif : \&croak; 159 return 1 unless $options{ndelay}; 160 connect_log(); 161 } 162 163 sub closelog { 164 $facility = $ident = ''; 165 disconnect_log(); 166 } 167 168 sub setlogmask { 169 my $oldmask = $maskpri; 170 $maskpri = shift unless $_[0] == 0; 171 $oldmask; 172 } 173 174 sub setlogsock { 175 my $setsock = shift; 176 $syslog_path = shift; 177 disconnect_log() if $connected; 178 $transmit_ok = 0; 179 @fallbackMethods = (); 180 @connectMethods = @defaultMethods; 181 182 if (ref $setsock eq 'ARRAY') { 183 @connectMethods = @$setsock; 184 185 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'stream') { 186 if (not defined $syslog_path) { 187 my @try = qw(/dev/log /dev/conslog); 188 189 if (length &_PATH_LOG) { # Undefined _PATH_LOG is "". 190 unshift @try, &_PATH_LOG; 191 } 192 193 for my $try (@try) { 194 if (-w $try) { 195 $syslog_path = $try; 196 last; 197 } 198 } 199 200 if (not defined $syslog_path) { 201 warnings::warnif "stream passed to setlogsock, but could not find any device"; 202 return undef 203 } 204 } 205 206 if (not -w $syslog_path) { 207 warnings::warnif "stream passed to setlogsock, but $syslog_path is not writable"; 208 return undef; 209 } else { 210 @connectMethods = qw(stream); 211 } 212 213 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'unix') { 214 if (length _PATH_LOG() || (defined $syslog_path && -w $syslog_path)) { 215 $syslog_path = _PATH_LOG() unless defined $syslog_path; 216 @connectMethods = qw(unix); 217 } else { 218 warnings::warnif 'unix passed to setlogsock, but path not available'; 219 return undef; 220 } 221 222 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'pipe') { 223 for my $path ($syslog_path, &_PATH_LOG, "/dev/log") { 224 next unless defined $path and length $path and -w $path; 225 $syslog_path = $path; 226 last 227 } 228 229 if (not $syslog_path) { 230 warnings::warnif "pipe passed to setlogsock, but path not available"; 231 return undef 232 } 233 234 @connectMethods = qw(pipe); 235 236 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'native') { 237 @connectMethods = qw(native); 238 239 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'eventlog') { 240 if (eval "use Win32::EventLog; 1") { 241 @connectMethods = qw(eventlog); 242 } else { 243 warnings::warnif "eventlog passed to setlogsock, but no Win32 API available"; 244 $@ = ""; 245 return undef; 246 } 247 248 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'tcp') { 249 if (getservbyname('syslog', 'tcp') || getservbyname('syslogng', 'tcp')) { 250 @connectMethods = qw(tcp); 251 } else { 252 warnings::warnif "tcp passed to setlogsock, but tcp service unavailable"; 253 return undef; 254 } 255 256 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'udp') { 257 if (getservbyname('syslog', 'udp')) { 258 @connectMethods = qw(udp); 259 } else { 260 warnings::warnif "udp passed to setlogsock, but udp service unavailable"; 261 return undef; 262 } 263 264 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'inet') { 265 @connectMethods = ( 'tcp', 'udp' ); 266 267 } elsif (lc $setsock eq 'console') { 268 @connectMethods = qw(console); 269 270 } else { 271 croak "Invalid argument passed to setlogsock; must be 'stream', 'pipe', ", 272 "'unix', 'native', 'eventlog', 'tcp', 'udp' or 'inet'" 273 } 274 275 return 1; 276 } 277 278 sub syslog { 279 my $priority = shift; 280 my $mask = shift; 281 my ($message, $buf); 282 my (@words, $num, $numpri, $numfac, $sum); 283 my $failed = undef; 284 my $fail_time = undef; 285 my $error = $!; 286 287 # if $ident is undefined, it means openlog() wasn't previously called 288 # so do it now in order to have sensible defaults 289 openlog() unless $ident; 290 291 local $facility = $facility; # may need to change temporarily. 292 293 croak "syslog: expecting argument \$priority" unless defined $priority; 294 croak "syslog: expecting argument \$format" unless defined $mask; 295 296 @words = split(/\W+/, $priority, 2); # Allow "level" or "level|facility". 297 undef $numpri; 298 undef $numfac; 299 300 foreach (@words) { 301 $num = xlate($_); # Translate word to number. 302 if ($num < 0) { 303 croak "syslog: invalid level/facility: $_" 304 } 305 elsif ($num <= &LOG_PRIMASK) { 306 croak "syslog: too many levels given: $_" if defined $numpri; 307 $numpri = $num; 308 return 0 unless LOG_MASK($numpri) & $maskpri; 309 } 310 else { 311 croak "syslog: too many facilities given: $_" if defined $numfac; 312 $facility = $_; 313 $numfac = $num; 314 } 315 } 316 317 croak "syslog: level must be given" unless defined $numpri; 318 319 if (not defined $numfac) { # Facility not specified in this call. 320 $facility = 'user' unless $facility; 321 $numfac = xlate($facility); 322 } 323 324 connect_log() unless $connected; 325 326 if ($mask =~ /%m/) { 327 # escape percent signs for sprintf() 328 $error =~ s/%/%%/g if @_; 329 # replace %m with $error, if preceded by an even number of percent signs 330 $mask =~ s/(?<!%)((?:%%)*)%m/$1$error/g; 331 } 332 333 $mask .= "\n" unless $mask =~ /\n$/; 334 $message = @_ ? sprintf($mask, @_) : $mask; 335 336 # See CPAN-RT#24431. Opened on Apple Radar as bug #4944407 on 2007.01.21 337 # Supposedly resolved on Leopard. 338 chomp $message if $^O =~ /darwin/; 339 340 if ($current_proto eq 'native') { 341 $buf = $message; 342 } 343 elsif ($current_proto eq 'eventlog') { 344 $buf = $message; 345 } 346 else { 347 my $whoami = $ident; 348 $whoami .= "[$$]" if $options{pid}; 349 350 $sum = $numpri + $numfac; 351 my $oldlocale = setlocale(LC_TIME); 352 setlocale(LC_TIME, 'C'); 353 my $timestamp = strftime "%b %e %T", localtime; 354 setlocale(LC_TIME, $oldlocale); 355 $buf = "<$sum>$timestamp $whoami: $message\0"; 356 } 357 358 # handle PERROR option 359 # "native" mechanism already handles it by itself 360 if ($options{perror} and $current_proto ne 'native') { 361 chomp $message; 362 my $whoami = $ident; 363 $whoami .= "[$$]" if $options{pid}; 364 print STDERR "$whoami: $message\n"; 365 } 366 367 # it's possible that we'll get an error from sending 368 # (e.g. if method is UDP and there is no UDP listener, 369 # then we'll get ECONNREFUSED on the send). So what we 370 # want to do at this point is to fallback onto a different 371 # connection method. 372 while (scalar @fallbackMethods || $syslog_send) { 373 if ($failed && (time - $fail_time) > 60) { 374 # it's been a while... maybe things have been fixed 375 @fallbackMethods = (); 376 disconnect_log(); 377 $transmit_ok = 0; # make it look like a fresh attempt 378 connect_log(); 379 } 380 381 if ($connected && !connection_ok()) { 382 # Something was OK, but has now broken. Remember coz we'll 383 # want to go back to what used to be OK. 384 $failed = $current_proto unless $failed; 385 $fail_time = time; 386 disconnect_log(); 387 } 388 389 connect_log() unless $connected; 390 $failed = undef if ($current_proto && $failed && $current_proto eq $failed); 391 392 if ($syslog_send) { 393 if ($syslog_send->($buf, $numpri, $numfac)) { 394 $transmit_ok++; 395 return 1; 396 } 397 # typically doesn't happen, since errors are rare from write(). 398 disconnect_log(); 399 } 400 } 401 # could not send, could not fallback onto a working 402 # connection method. Lose. 403 return 0; 404 } 405 406 sub _syslog_send_console { 407 my ($buf) = @_; 408 chop($buf); # delete the NUL from the end 409 # The console print is a method which could block 410 # so we do it in a child process and always return success 411 # to the caller. 412 if (my $pid = fork) { 413 414 if ($options{nowait}) { 415 return 1; 416 } else { 417 if (waitpid($pid, 0) >= 0) { 418 return ($? >> 8); 419 } else { 420 # it's possible that the caller has other 421 # plans for SIGCHLD, so let's not interfere 422 return 1; 423 } 424 } 425 } else { 426 if (open(CONS, ">/dev/console")) { 427 my $ret = print CONS $buf . "\r"; # XXX: should this be \x0A ? 428 exit $ret if defined $pid; 429 close CONS; 430 } 431 exit if defined $pid; 432 } 433 } 434 435 sub _syslog_send_stream { 436 my ($buf) = @_; 437 # XXX: this only works if the OS stream implementation makes a write 438 # look like a putmsg() with simple header. For instance it works on 439 # Solaris 8 but not Solaris 7. 440 # To be correct, it should use a STREAMS API, but perl doesn't have one. 441 return syswrite(SYSLOG, $buf, length($buf)); 442 } 443 444 sub _syslog_send_pipe { 445 my ($buf) = @_; 446 return print SYSLOG $buf; 447 } 448 449 sub _syslog_send_socket { 450 my ($buf) = @_; 451 return syswrite(SYSLOG, $buf, length($buf)); 452 #return send(SYSLOG, $buf, 0); 453 } 454 455 sub _syslog_send_native { 456 my ($buf, $numpri) = @_; 457 syslog_xs($numpri, $buf); 458 return 1; 459 } 460 461 462 # xlate() 463 # ----- 464 # private function to translate names to numeric values 465 # 466 sub xlate { 467 my($name) = @_; 468 return $name+0 if $name =~ /^\s*\d+\s*$/; 469 $name = uc $name; 470 $name = "LOG_$name" unless $name =~ /^LOG_/; 471 $name = "Sys::Syslog::$name"; 472 # Can't have just eval { &$name } || -1 because some LOG_XXX may be zero. 473 my $value = eval { no strict 'refs'; &$name }; 474 $@ = ""; 475 return defined $value ? $value : -1; 476 } 477 478 479 # connect_log() 480 # ----------- 481 # This function acts as a kind of front-end: it tries to connect to 482 # a syslog service using the selected methods, trying each one in the 483 # selected order. 484 # 485 sub connect_log { 486 @fallbackMethods = @connectMethods unless scalar @fallbackMethods; 487 488 if ($transmit_ok && $current_proto) { 489 # Retry what we were on, because it has worked in the past. 490 unshift(@fallbackMethods, $current_proto); 491 } 492 493 $connected = 0; 494 my @errs = (); 495 my $proto = undef; 496 497 while ($proto = shift @fallbackMethods) { 498 no strict 'refs'; 499 my $fn = "connect_$proto"; 500 $connected = &$fn(\@errs) if defined &$fn; 501 last if $connected; 502 } 503 504 $transmit_ok = 0; 505 if ($connected) { 506 $current_proto = $proto; 507 my ($old) = select(SYSLOG); $| = 1; select($old); 508 } else { 509 @fallbackMethods = (); 510 $err_sub->(join "\n\t- ", "no connection to syslog available", @errs); 511 return undef; 512 } 513 } 514 515 sub connect_tcp { 516 my ($errs) = @_; 517 518 my $tcp = getprotobyname('tcp'); 519 if (!defined $tcp) { 520 push @$errs, "getprotobyname failed for tcp"; 521 return 0; 522 } 523 524 my $syslog = getservbyname('syslog', 'tcp'); 525 $syslog = getservbyname('syslogng', 'tcp') unless defined $syslog; 526 if (!defined $syslog) { 527 push @$errs, "getservbyname failed for syslog/tcp and syslogng/tcp"; 528 return 0; 529 } 530 531 my $addr; 532 if (defined $host) { 533 $addr = inet_aton($host); 534 if (!$addr) { 535 push @$errs, "can't lookup $host"; 536 return 0; 537 } 538 } else { 539 $addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK; 540 } 541 $addr = sockaddr_in($syslog, $addr); 542 543 if (!socket(SYSLOG, AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, $tcp)) { 544 push @$errs, "tcp socket: $!"; 545 return 0; 546 } 547 548 setsockopt(SYSLOG, SOL_SOCKET, SO_KEEPALIVE, 1); 549 if (eval { IPPROTO_TCP() }) { 550 # These constants don't exist in 5.005. They were added in 1999 551 setsockopt(SYSLOG, IPPROTO_TCP(), TCP_NODELAY(), 1); 552 } 553 $@ = ""; 554 if (!connect(SYSLOG, $addr)) { 555 push @$errs, "tcp connect: $!"; 556 return 0; 557 } 558 559 $syslog_send = \&_syslog_send_socket; 560 561 return 1; 562 } 563 564 sub connect_udp { 565 my ($errs) = @_; 566 567 my $udp = getprotobyname('udp'); 568 if (!defined $udp) { 569 push @$errs, "getprotobyname failed for udp"; 570 return 0; 571 } 572 573 my $syslog = getservbyname('syslog', 'udp'); 574 if (!defined $syslog) { 575 push @$errs, "getservbyname failed for syslog/udp"; 576 return 0; 577 } 578 579 my $addr; 580 if (defined $host) { 581 $addr = inet_aton($host); 582 if (!$addr) { 583 push @$errs, "can't lookup $host"; 584 return 0; 585 } 586 } else { 587 $addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK; 588 } 589 $addr = sockaddr_in($syslog, $addr); 590 591 if (!socket(SYSLOG, AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, $udp)) { 592 push @$errs, "udp socket: $!"; 593 return 0; 594 } 595 if (!connect(SYSLOG, $addr)) { 596 push @$errs, "udp connect: $!"; 597 return 0; 598 } 599 600 # We want to check that the UDP connect worked. However the only 601 # way to do that is to send a message and see if an ICMP is returned 602 _syslog_send_socket(""); 603 if (!connection_ok()) { 604 push @$errs, "udp connect: nobody listening"; 605 return 0; 606 } 607 608 $syslog_send = \&_syslog_send_socket; 609 610 return 1; 611 } 612 613 sub connect_stream { 614 my ($errs) = @_; 615 # might want syslog_path to be variable based on syslog.h (if only 616 # it were in there!) 617 $syslog_path = '/dev/conslog' unless defined $syslog_path; 618 if (!-w $syslog_path) { 619 push @$errs, "stream $syslog_path is not writable"; 620 return 0; 621 } 622 if (!sysopen(SYSLOG, $syslog_path, 0400, O_WRONLY)) { 623 push @$errs, "stream can't open $syslog_path: $!"; 624 return 0; 625 } 626 $syslog_send = \&_syslog_send_stream; 627 return 1; 628 } 629 630 sub connect_pipe { 631 my ($errs) = @_; 632 633 $syslog_path ||= &_PATH_LOG || "/dev/log"; 634 635 if (not -w $syslog_path) { 636 push @$errs, "$syslog_path is not writable"; 637 return 0; 638 } 639 640 if (not open(SYSLOG, ">$syslog_path")) { 641 push @$errs, "can't write to $syslog_path: $!"; 642 return 0; 643 } 644 645 $syslog_send = \&_syslog_send_pipe; 646 647 return 1; 648 } 649 650 sub connect_unix { 651 my ($errs) = @_; 652 653 $syslog_path ||= _PATH_LOG() if length _PATH_LOG(); 654 655 if (not defined $syslog_path) { 656 push @$errs, "_PATH_LOG not available in syslog.h and no user-supplied socket path"; 657 return 0; 658 } 659 660 if (not (-S $syslog_path or -c _)) { 661 push @$errs, "$syslog_path is not a socket"; 662 return 0; 663 } 664 665 my $addr = sockaddr_un($syslog_path); 666 if (!$addr) { 667 push @$errs, "can't locate $syslog_path"; 668 return 0; 669 } 670 if (!socket(SYSLOG, AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) { 671 push @$errs, "unix stream socket: $!"; 672 return 0; 673 } 674 675 if (!connect(SYSLOG, $addr)) { 676 if (!socket(SYSLOG, AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) { 677 push @$errs, "unix dgram socket: $!"; 678 return 0; 679 } 680 if (!connect(SYSLOG, $addr)) { 681 push @$errs, "unix dgram connect: $!"; 682 return 0; 683 } 684 } 685 686 $syslog_send = \&_syslog_send_socket; 687 688 return 1; 689 } 690 691 sub connect_native { 692 my ($errs) = @_; 693 my $logopt = 0; 694 695 # reconstruct the numeric equivalent of the options 696 for my $opt (keys %options) { 697 $logopt += xlate($opt) if $options{$opt} 698 } 699 700 eval { openlog_xs($ident, $logopt, xlate($facility)) }; 701 if ($@) { 702 push @$errs, $@; 703 return 0; 704 } 705 706 $syslog_send = \&_syslog_send_native; 707 708 return 1; 709 } 710 711 sub connect_eventlog { 712 my ($errs) = @_; 713 714 $syslog_xobj = Sys::Syslog::Win32::_install(); 715 $syslog_send = \&Sys::Syslog::Win32::_syslog_send; 716 717 return 1; 718 } 719 720 sub connect_console { 721 my ($errs) = @_; 722 if (!-w '/dev/console') { 723 push @$errs, "console is not writable"; 724 return 0; 725 } 726 $syslog_send = \&_syslog_send_console; 727 return 1; 728 } 729 730 # To test if the connection is still good, we need to check if any 731 # errors are present on the connection. The errors will not be raised 732 # by a write. Instead, sockets are made readable and the next read 733 # would cause the error to be returned. Unfortunately the syslog 734 # 'protocol' never provides anything for us to read. But with 735 # judicious use of select(), we can see if it would be readable... 736 sub connection_ok { 737 return 1 if defined $current_proto and ( 738 $current_proto eq 'native' or $current_proto eq 'console' 739 or $current_proto eq 'eventlog' 740 ); 741 742 my $rin = ''; 743 vec($rin, fileno(SYSLOG), 1) = 1; 744 my $ret = select $rin, undef, $rin, 0.25; 745 return ($ret ? 0 : 1); 746 } 747 748 sub disconnect_log { 749 $connected = 0; 750 $syslog_send = undef; 751 752 if (defined $current_proto and $current_proto eq 'native') { 753 closelog_xs(); 754 return 1; 755 } 756 elsif (defined $current_proto and $current_proto eq 'eventlog') { 757 $syslog_xobj->Close(); 758 return 1; 759 } 760 761 return close SYSLOG; 762 } 763 764 1; 765 766 __END__ 767 768 =head1 NAME 769 770 Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls 771 772 =head1 VERSION 773 774 Version 0.22 775 776 =head1 SYNOPSIS 777 778 use Sys::Syslog; # all except setlogsock(), or: 779 use Sys::Syslog qw(:DEFAULT setlogsock); # default set, plus setlogsock() 780 use Sys::Syslog qw(:standard :macros); # standard functions, plus macros 781 782 openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility; # don't forget this 783 syslog $priority, $format, @args; 784 $oldmask = setlogmask $mask_priority; 785 closelog; 786 787 788 =head1 DESCRIPTION 789 790 C<Sys::Syslog> is an interface to the UNIX C<syslog(3)> program. 791 Call C<syslog()> with a string priority and a list of C<printf()> args 792 just like C<syslog(3)>. 793 794 You can find a kind of FAQ in L<"THE RULES OF SYS::SYSLOG">. Please read 795 it before coding, and again before asking questions. 796 797 798 =head1 EXPORTS 799 800 C<Sys::Syslog> exports the following C<Exporter> tags: 801 802 =over 4 803 804 =item * 805 806 C<:standard> exports the standard C<syslog(3)> functions: 807 808 openlog closelog setlogmask syslog 809 810 =item * 811 812 C<:extended> exports the Perl specific functions for C<syslog(3)>: 813 814 setlogsock 815 816 =item * 817 818 C<:macros> exports the symbols corresponding to most of your C<syslog(3)> 819 macros and the C<LOG_UPTO()> and C<LOG_MASK()> functions. 820 See L<"CONSTANTS"> for the supported constants and their meaning. 821 822 =back 823 824 By default, C<Sys::Syslog> exports the symbols from the C<:standard> tag. 825 826 827 =head1 FUNCTIONS 828 829 =over 4 830 831 =item B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)> 832 833 Opens the syslog. 834 C<$ident> is prepended to every message. C<$logopt> contains zero or 835 more of the options detailed below. C<$facility> specifies the part 836 of the system to report about, for example C<LOG_USER> or C<LOG_LOCAL0>: 837 see L<"Facilities"> for a list of well-known facilities, and your 838 C<syslog(3)> documentation for the facilities available in your system. 839 Check L<"SEE ALSO"> for useful links. Facility can be given as a string 840 or a numeric macro. 841 842 This function will croak if it can't connect to the syslog daemon. 843 844 Note that C<openlog()> now takes three arguments, just like C<openlog(3)>. 845 846 B<You should use C<openlog()> before calling C<syslog()>.> 847 848 B<Options> 849 850 =over 4 851 852 =item * 853 854 C<cons> - This option is ignored, since the failover mechanism will drop 855 down to the console automatically if all other media fail. 856 857 =item * 858 859 C<ndelay> - Open the connection immediately (normally, the connection is 860 opened when the first message is logged). 861 862 =item * 863 864 C<nofatal> - When set to true, C<openlog()> and C<syslog()> will only 865 emit warnings instead of dying if the connection to the syslog can't 866 be established. 867 868 =item * 869 870 C<nowait> - Don't wait for child processes that may have been created 871 while logging the message. (The GNU C library does not create a child 872 process, so this option has no effect on Linux.) 873 874 =item * 875 876 C<perror> - Write the message to standard error output as well to the 877 system log. 878 879 =item * 880 881 C<pid> - Include PID with each message. 882 883 =back 884 885 B<Examples> 886 887 Open the syslog with options C<ndelay> and C<pid>, and with facility C<LOCAL0>: 888 889 openlog($name, "ndelay,pid", "local0"); 890 891 Same thing, but this time using the macro corresponding to C<LOCAL0>: 892 893 openlog($name, "ndelay,pid", LOG_LOCAL0); 894 895 896 =item B<syslog($priority, $message)> 897 898 =item B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)> 899 900 If C<$priority> permits, logs C<$message> or C<sprintf($format, @args)> 901 with the addition that C<%m> in $message or C<$format> is replaced with 902 C<"$!"> (the latest error message). 903 904 C<$priority> can specify a level, or a level and a facility. Levels and 905 facilities can be given as strings or as macros. When using the C<eventlog> 906 mechanism, priorities C<DEBUG> and C<INFO> are mapped to event type 907 C<informational>, C<NOTICE> and C<WARNIN> to C<warning> and C<ERR> to 908 C<EMERG> to C<error>. 909 910 If you didn't use C<openlog()> before using C<syslog()>, C<syslog()> will 911 try to guess the C<$ident> by extracting the shortest prefix of 912 C<$format> that ends in a C<":">. 913 914 B<Examples> 915 916 syslog("info", $message); # informational level 917 syslog(LOG_INFO, $message); # informational level 918 919 syslog("info|local0", $message); # information level, Local0 facility 920 syslog(LOG_INFO|LOG_LOCAL0, $message); # information level, Local0 facility 921 922 =over 4 923 924 =item B<Note> 925 926 C<Sys::Syslog> version v0.07 and older passed the C<$message> as the 927 formatting string to C<sprintf()> even when no formatting arguments 928 were provided. If the code calling C<syslog()> might execute with 929 older versions of this module, make sure to call the function as 930 C<syslog($priority, "%s", $message)> instead of C<syslog($priority, 931 $message)>. This protects against hostile formatting sequences that 932 might show up if $message contains tainted data. 933 934 =back 935 936 937 =item B<setlogmask($mask_priority)> 938 939 Sets the log mask for the current process to C<$mask_priority> and 940 returns the old mask. If the mask argument is 0, the current log mask 941 is not modified. See L<"Levels"> for the list of available levels. 942 You can use the C<LOG_UPTO()> function to allow all levels up to a 943 given priority (but it only accept the numeric macros as arguments). 944 945 B<Examples> 946 947 Only log errors: 948 949 setlogmask( LOG_MASK(LOG_ERR) ); 950 951 Log everything except informational messages: 952 953 setlogmask( ~(LOG_MASK(LOG_INFO)) ); 954 955 Log critical messages, errors and warnings: 956 957 setlogmask( LOG_MASK(LOG_CRIT) | LOG_MASK(LOG_ERR) | LOG_MASK(LOG_WARNING) ); 958 959 Log all messages up to debug: 960 961 setlogmask( LOG_UPTO(LOG_DEBUG) ); 962 963 964 =item B<setlogsock($sock_type)> 965 966 =item B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in Perl 5.004_02) 967 968 Sets the socket type to be used for the next call to 969 C<openlog()> or C<syslog()> and returns true on success, 970 C<undef> on failure. The available mechanisms are: 971 972 =over 973 974 =item * 975 976 C<"native"> - use the native C functions from your C<syslog(3)> library 977 (added in C<Sys::Syslog> 0.15). 978 979 =item * 980 981 C<"eventlog"> - send messages to the Win32 events logger (Win32 only; 982 added in C<Sys::Syslog> 0.19). 983 984 =item * 985 986 C<"tcp"> - connect to a TCP socket, on the C<syslog/tcp> or C<syslogng/tcp> 987 service. 988 989 =item * 990 991 C<"udp"> - connect to a UDP socket, on the C<syslog/udp> service. 992 993 =item * 994 995 C<"inet"> - connect to an INET socket, either TCP or UDP, tried in that order. 996 997 =item * 998 999 C<"unix"> - connect to a UNIX domain socket (in some systems a character 1000 special device). The name of that socket is the second parameter or, if 1001 you omit the second parameter, the value returned by the C<_PATH_LOG> macro 1002 (if your system defines it), or F</dev/log> or F</dev/conslog>, whatever is 1003 writable. 1004 1005 =item * 1006 1007 C<"stream"> - connect to the stream indicated by the pathname provided as 1008 the optional second parameter, or, if omitted, to F</dev/conslog>. 1009 For example Solaris and IRIX system may prefer C<"stream"> instead of C<"unix">. 1010 1011 =item * 1012 1013 C<"pipe"> - connect to the named pipe indicated by the pathname provided as 1014 the optional second parameter, or, if omitted, to the value returned by 1015 the C<_PATH_LOG> macro (if your system defines it), or F</dev/log> 1016 (added in C<Sys::Syslog> 0.21). 1017 1018 =item * 1019 1020 C<"console"> - send messages directly to the console, as for the C<"cons"> 1021 option of C<openlog()>. 1022 1023 =back 1024 1025 A reference to an array can also be passed as the first parameter. 1026 When this calling method is used, the array should contain a list of 1027 mechanisms which are attempted in order. 1028 1029 The default is to try C<native>, C<tcp>, C<udp>, C<unix>, C<stream>, C<console>. 1030 Under systems with the Win32 API, C<eventlog> will be added as the first 1031 mechanism to try if C<Win32::EventLog> is available. 1032 1033 Giving an invalid value for C<$sock_type> will C<croak>. 1034 1035 B<Examples> 1036 1037 Select the UDP socket mechanism: 1038 1039 setlogsock("udp"); 1040 1041 Select the native, UDP socket then UNIX domain socket mechanisms: 1042 1043 setlogsock(["native", "udp", "unix"]); 1044 1045 =over 1046 1047 =item B<Note> 1048 1049 Now that the "native" mechanism is supported by C<Sys::Syslog> and selected 1050 by default, the use of the C<setlogsock()> function is discouraged because 1051 other mechanisms are less portable across operating systems. Authors of 1052 modules and programs that use this function, especially its cargo-cult form 1053 C<setlogsock("unix")>, are advised to remove any occurence of it unless they 1054 specifically want to use a given mechanism (like TCP or UDP to connect to 1055 a remote host). 1056 1057 =back 1058 1059 =item B<closelog()> 1060 1061 Closes the log file and returns true on success. 1062 1063 =back 1064 1065 1066 =head1 THE RULES OF SYS::SYSLOG 1067 1068 I<The First Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1069 You do not call C<setlogsock>. 1070 1071 I<The Second Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1072 You B<do not> call C<setlogsock>. 1073 1074 I<The Third Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1075 The program crashes, C<die>s, calls C<closelog>, the log is over. 1076 1077 I<The Fourth Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1078 One facility, one priority. 1079 1080 I<The Fifth Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1081 One log at a time. 1082 1083 I<The Sixth Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1084 No C<syslog> before C<openlog>. 1085 1086 I<The Seventh Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1087 Logs will go on as long as they have to. 1088 1089 I<The Eighth, and Final Rule of Sys::Syslog is:> 1090 If this is your first use of Sys::Syslog, you must read the doc. 1091 1092 1093 =head1 EXAMPLES 1094 1095 An example: 1096 1097 openlog($program, 'cons,pid', 'user'); 1098 syslog('info', '%s', 'this is another test'); 1099 syslog('mail|warning', 'this is a better test: %d', time); 1100 closelog(); 1101 1102 syslog('debug', 'this is the last test'); 1103 1104 Another example: 1105 1106 openlog("$program $$", 'ndelay', 'user'); 1107 syslog('notice', 'fooprogram: this is really done'); 1108 1109 Example of use of C<%m>: 1110 1111 $! = 55; 1112 syslog('info', 'problem was %m'); # %m == $! in syslog(3) 1113 1114 Log to UDP port on C<$remotehost> instead of logging locally: 1115 1116 setlogsock('udp'); 1117 $Sys::Syslog::host = $remotehost; 1118 openlog($program, 'ndelay', 'user'); 1119 syslog('info', 'something happened over here'); 1120 1121 1122 =head1 CONSTANTS 1123 1124 =head2 Facilities 1125 1126 =over 4 1127 1128 =item * 1129 1130 C<LOG_AUDIT> - audit daemon (IRIX); falls back to C<LOG_AUTH> 1131 1132 =item * 1133 1134 C<LOG_AUTH> - security/authorization messages 1135 1136 =item * 1137 1138 C<LOG_AUTHPRIV> - security/authorization messages (private) 1139 1140 =item * 1141 1142 C<LOG_CONSOLE> - C</dev/console> output (FreeBSD); falls back to C<LOG_USER> 1143 1144 =item * 1145 1146 C<LOG_CRON> - clock daemons (B<cron> and B<at>) 1147 1148 =item * 1149 1150 C<LOG_DAEMON> - system daemons without separate facility value 1151 1152 =item * 1153 1154 C<LOG_FTP> - FTP daemon 1155 1156 =item * 1157 1158 C<LOG_KERN> - kernel messages 1159 1160 =item * 1161 1162 C<LOG_INSTALL> - installer subsystem (Mac OS X); falls back to C<LOG_USER> 1163 1164 =item * 1165 1166 C<LOG_LAUNCHD> - launchd - general bootstrap daemon (Mac OS X); 1167 falls back to C<LOG_DAEMON> 1168 1169 =item * 1170 1171 C<LOG_LFMT> - logalert facility; falls back to C<LOG_USER> 1172 1173 =item * 1174 1175 C<LOG_LOCAL0> through C<LOG_LOCAL7> - reserved for local use 1176 1177 =item * 1178 1179 C<LOG_LPR> - line printer subsystem 1180 1181 =item * 1182 1183 C<LOG_MAIL> - mail subsystem 1184 1185 =item * 1186 1187 C<LOG_NETINFO> - NetInfo subsystem (Mac OS X); falls back to C<LOG_DAEMON> 1188 1189 =item * 1190 1191 C<LOG_NEWS> - USENET news subsystem 1192 1193 =item * 1194 1195 C<LOG_NTP> - NTP subsystem (FreeBSD, NetBSD); falls back to C<LOG_DAEMON> 1196 1197 =item * 1198 1199 C<LOG_RAS> - Remote Access Service (VPN / PPP) (Mac OS X); 1200 falls back to C<LOG_AUTH> 1201 1202 =item * 1203 1204 C<LOG_REMOTEAUTH> - remote authentication/authorization (Mac OS X); 1205 falls back to C<LOG_AUTH> 1206 1207 =item * 1208 1209 C<LOG_SECURITY> - security subsystems (firewalling, etc.) (FreeBSD); 1210 falls back to C<LOG_AUTH> 1211 1212 =item * 1213 1214 C<LOG_SYSLOG> - messages generated internally by B<syslogd> 1215 1216 =item * 1217 1218 C<LOG_USER> (default) - generic user-level messages 1219 1220 =item * 1221 1222 C<LOG_UUCP> - UUCP subsystem 1223 1224 =back 1225 1226 1227 =head2 Levels 1228 1229 =over 4 1230 1231 =item * 1232 1233 C<LOG_EMERG> - system is unusable 1234 1235 =item * 1236 1237 C<LOG_ALERT> - action must be taken immediately 1238 1239 =item * 1240 1241 C<LOG_CRIT> - critical conditions 1242 1243 =item * 1244 1245 C<LOG_ERR> - error conditions 1246 1247 =item * 1248 1249 C<LOG_WARNING> - warning conditions 1250 1251 =item * 1252 1253 C<LOG_NOTICE> - normal, but significant, condition 1254 1255 =item * 1256 1257 C<LOG_INFO> - informational message 1258 1259 =item * 1260 1261 C<LOG_DEBUG> - debug-level message 1262 1263 =back 1264 1265 1266 =head1 DIAGNOSTICS 1267 1268 =over 1269 1270 =item C<Invalid argument passed to setlogsock> 1271 1272 B<(F)> You gave C<setlogsock()> an invalid value for C<$sock_type>. 1273 1274 =item C<eventlog passed to setlogsock, but no Win32 API available> 1275 1276 B<(W)> You asked C<setlogsock()> to use the Win32 event logger but the 1277 operating system running the program isn't Win32 or does not provides Win32 1278 compatible facilities. 1279 1280 =item C<no connection to syslog available> 1281 1282 B<(F)> C<syslog()> failed to connect to the specified socket. 1283 1284 =item C<stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable> 1285 1286 B<(W)> You asked C<setlogsock()> to use a stream socket, but the given 1287 path is not writable. 1288 1289 =item C<stream passed to setlogsock, but could not find any device> 1290 1291 B<(W)> You asked C<setlogsock()> to use a stream socket, but didn't 1292 provide a path, and C<Sys::Syslog> was unable to find an appropriate one. 1293 1294 =item C<tcp passed to setlogsock, but tcp service unavailable> 1295 1296 B<(W)> You asked C<setlogsock()> to use a TCP socket, but the service 1297 is not available on the system. 1298 1299 =item C<syslog: expecting argument %s> 1300 1301 B<(F)> You forgot to give C<syslog()> the indicated argument. 1302 1303 =item C<syslog: invalid level/facility: %s> 1304 1305 B<(F)> You specified an invalid level or facility. 1306 1307 =item C<syslog: too many levels given: %s> 1308 1309 B<(F)> You specified too many levels. 1310 1311 =item C<syslog: too many facilities given: %s> 1312 1313 B<(F)> You specified too many facilities. 1314 1315 =item C<syslog: level must be given> 1316 1317 B<(F)> You forgot to specify a level. 1318 1319 =item C<udp passed to setlogsock, but udp service unavailable> 1320 1321 B<(W)> You asked C<setlogsock()> to use a UDP socket, but the service 1322 is not available on the system. 1323 1324 =item C<unix passed to setlogsock, but path not available> 1325 1326 B<(W)> You asked C<setlogsock()> to use a UNIX socket, but C<Sys::Syslog> 1327 was unable to find an appropriate an appropriate device. 1328 1329 =back 1330 1331 1332 =head1 SEE ALSO 1333 1334 =head2 Manual Pages 1335 1336 L<syslog(3)> 1337 1338 SUSv3 issue 6, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 edition, 1339 L<http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/basedefs/syslog.h.html> 1340 1341 GNU C Library documentation on syslog, 1342 L<http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Syslog.html> 1343 1344 Solaris 10 documentation on syslog, 1345 L<http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/doc/816-5168/6mbb3hruo?a=view> 1346 1347 IRIX 6.4 documentation on syslog, 1348 L<http://techpubs.sgi.com/library/tpl/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?coll=0640&db=man&fname=3c+syslog> 1349 1350 AIX 5L 5.3 documentation on syslog, 1351 L<http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/pseries/v5r3/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.aix.basetechref/doc/basetrf2/syslog.htm> 1352 1353 HP-UX 11i documentation on syslog, 1354 L<http://docs.hp.com/en/B9106-90010/syslog.3C.html> 1355 1356 Tru64 5.1 documentation on syslog, 1357 L<http://h30097.www3.hp.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V51_HTML/MAN/MAN3/0193____.HTM> 1358 1359 Stratus VOS 15.1, 1360 L<http://stratadoc.stratus.com/vos/15.1.1/r502-01/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm?context=r502-01&file=ch5r502-01bi.html> 1361 1362 =head2 RFCs 1363 1364 I<RFC 3164 - The BSD syslog Protocol>, L<http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3164.html> 1365 -- Please note that this is an informational RFC, and therefore does not 1366 specify a standard of any kind. 1367 1368 I<RFC 3195 - Reliable Delivery for syslog>, L<http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3195.html> 1369 1370 =head2 Articles 1371 1372 I<Syslogging with Perl>, L<http://lexington.pm.org/meetings/022001.html> 1373 1374 =head2 Event Log 1375 1376 Windows Event Log, 1377 L<http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/wes/wes/windows_event_log.asp> 1378 1379 1380 =head1 AUTHORS & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1381 1382 Tom Christiansen E<lt>F<tchrist (at) perl.com>E<gt> and Larry Wall 1383 E<lt>F<larry (at) wall.org>E<gt>. 1384 1385 UNIX domain sockets added by Sean Robinson 1386 E<lt>F<robinson_s (at) sc.maricopa.edu>E<gt> with support from Tim Bunce 1387 E<lt>F<Tim.Bunce (at) ig.co.uk>E<gt> and the C<perl5-porters> mailing list. 1388 1389 Dependency on F<syslog.ph> replaced with XS code by Tom Hughes 1390 E<lt>F<tom (at) compton.nu>E<gt>. 1391 1392 Code for C<constant()>s regenerated by Nicholas Clark E<lt>F<nick (at) ccl4.org>E<gt>. 1393 1394 Failover to different communication modes by Nick Williams 1395 E<lt>F<Nick.Williams (at) morganstanley.com>E<gt>. 1396 1397 Extracted from core distribution for publishing on the CPAN by 1398 SE<eacute>bastien Aperghis-Tramoni E<lt>sebastien (at) aperghis.netE<gt>. 1399 1400 XS code for using native C functions borrowed from C<L<Unix::Syslog>>, 1401 written by Marcus Harnisch E<lt>F<marcus.harnisch (at) gmx.net>E<gt>. 1402 1403 Yves Orton suggested and helped for making C<Sys::Syslog> use the native 1404 event logger under Win32 systems. 1405 1406 Jerry D. Hedden and Reini Urban provided greatly appreciated help to 1407 debug and polish C<Sys::Syslog> under Cygwin. 1408 1409 1410 =head1 BUGS 1411 1412 Please report any bugs or feature requests to 1413 C<bug-sys-syslog (at) rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at 1414 L<http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Name=Sys-Syslog>. 1415 I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on 1416 your bug as I make changes. 1417 1418 1419 =head1 SUPPORT 1420 1421 You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command. 1422 1423 perldoc Sys::Syslog 1424 1425 You can also look for information at: 1426 1427 =over 4 1428 1429 =item * AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation 1430 1431 L<http://annocpan.org/dist/Sys-Syslog> 1432 1433 =item * CPAN Ratings 1434 1435 L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Sys-Syslog> 1436 1437 =item * RT: CPAN's request tracker 1438 1439 L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Sys-Syslog> 1440 1441 =item * Search CPAN 1442 1443 L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Sys-Syslog/> 1444 1445 =item * Kobes' CPAN Search 1446 1447 L<http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/dist/Sys-Syslog> 1448 1449 =item * Perl Documentation 1450 1451 L<http://perldoc.perl.org/Sys/Syslog.html> 1452 1453 =back 1454 1455 1456 =head1 COPYRIGHT 1457 1458 Copyright (C) 1990-2007 by Larry Wall and others. 1459 1460 1461 =head1 LICENSE 1462 1463 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 1464 under the same terms as Perl itself. 1465 1466 =cut 1467 1468 =begin comment 1469 1470 Notes for the future maintainer (even if it's still me..) 1471 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1472 1473 Using Google Code Search, I search who on Earth was relying on $host being 1474 public. It found 5 hits: 1475 1476 * First was inside Indigo Star Perl2exe documentation. Just an old version 1477 of Sys::Syslog. 1478 1479 1480 * One real hit was inside DalWeathDB, a weather related program. It simply 1481 does a 1482 1483 $Sys::Syslog::host = '127.0.0.1'; 1484 1485 - L<http://www.gallistel.net/nparker/weather/code/> 1486 1487 1488 * Two hits were in TPC, a fax server thingy. It does a 1489 1490 $Sys::Syslog::host = $TPC::LOGHOST; 1491 1492 but also has this strange piece of code: 1493 1494 # work around perl5.003 bug 1495 sub Sys::Syslog::hostname {} 1496 1497 I don't know what bug the author referred to. 1498 1499 - L<http://www.tpc.int/> 1500 - L<ftp://ftp.tpc.int/tpc/server/UNIX/> 1501 - L<ftp://ftp-usa.tpc.int/pub/tpc/server/UNIX/> 1502 1503 1504 * Last hit was in Filefix, which seems to be a FIDOnet mail program (!). 1505 This one does not use $host, but has the following piece of code: 1506 1507 sub Sys::Syslog::hostname 1508 { 1509 use Sys::Hostname; 1510 return hostname; 1511 } 1512 1513 I guess this was a more elaborate form of the previous bit, maybe because 1514 of a bug in Sys::Syslog back then? 1515 1516 - L<ftp://ftp.kiae.su/pub/unix/fido/> 1517 1518 1519 Links 1520 ----- 1521 II12021: SYSLOGD HOWTO TCPIPINFO (z/OS, OS/390, MVS) 1522 - L<http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=isg1II12021> 1523 1524 Getting the most out of the Event Viewer 1525 - L<http://www.codeproject.com/dotnet/evtvwr.asp?print=true> 1526 1527 Log events to the Windows NT Event Log with JNI 1528 - L<http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-09-2001/jw-0928-ntmessages.html> 1529 1530 =end comment 1531
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